{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:45:59Z","timestamp":1790405159372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate retrospectively the prevalence of vertical root fractures (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRF<\/jats:styled-content>s) in a cohort of patients during apical surgery and the factors possibly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRF<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample consisted of 944 root filled teeth belonging to 768 patients (49.3% males and 50.7% females; mean age 43.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.2\u00a0years, range 22\u201368\u00a0years), consecutively referred for endodontic surgery over a six\u2010year period. All patients underwent a clinical assessment of their signs and symptoms. Periapical radiographs of teeth that were candidates for endodontic surgery were taken. Sixty\u2010eight teeth with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRF<\/jats:styled-content> were identified. Vertical root fractures were identified in pre\u2010surgical screenings in 32 cases (47.1%), and these did not undergo surgery. Another 36 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRF<\/jats:styled-content> were noted during the intervention for root\u2010end resection. The influence of posts, post type, tooth type, periodontal probing defects, spontaneous pain, sinus tract and follow\u2010up duration was assessed using a logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vertical root fractures occurred significantly more frequently (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) when a post was present (61 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRF<\/jats:styled-content> out of 377 teeth with post, prevalence 16.2%) than in teeth without a post (1.2%). Threaded posts and cast posts were significantly more involved in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRF<\/jats:styled-content> than fibre, silica or carbide posts (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). Most fractures (80.9%) occurred 1\u20135\u00a0years after root canal treatment. Sinus tracts, probing defects and spontaneous pain were significantly more associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRF<\/jats:styled-content> cases than with nonfractured teeth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present group of teeth, the major risk for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRF<\/jats:styled-content> was represented by posts retained by actively engaging the canal via mechanical design (thread) or by frictional fit (cast).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,25]],"date-time":"2018-02-25T06:12:36Z","timestamp":1519539156000},"page":"969-974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Prevalence of vertical root fractures in teeth planned for apical surgery. A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Maddalone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Dentistry Department of Translational Surgery and Medicine San Gerardo Hospital University of Milano\u2010Bicocca Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gagliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Endodontics Unit Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. L.","family":"Citterio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Surgery and Medicine University of Milano\u2010Bicocca Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Karanxha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy"},{"name":"Dental Clinic IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Pellegatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Surgery and Medicine University of Milano\u2010Bicocca Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7144-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Del Fabbro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy"},{"name":"Dental Clinic IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Endodontics: colleagues for excellence\u2010Cracking the cracked tooth code: detection and treatment of various longitudinal tooth fractures","author":"American Association of Endodontists","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.1999.00208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200101000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.128034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000150947.90682.a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(80)90056-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(81)90179-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2009.01661.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(98)80020-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(99)80292-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16847-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81202-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(05)80072-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2016.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-014-1357-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.06.017"}],"container-title":["International Endodontic Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fiej.12910","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iej.12910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T09:38:30Z","timestamp":1694943510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iej.12910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iej.12910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iej.12910","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-2885","1365-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-2885","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-08-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}