{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:26:37Z","timestamp":1784647597622,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of magnesium sulphate used as an adjuvant to lidocaine with epinephrine local anaesthetic on the success of inferior alveolar nerve blocks (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IANB<\/jats:styled-content>) in patients with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis undergoing root canal treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a double\u2010blind clinical trial, following power calculation, 124 patients with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molar teeth were selected, and initial pain data were collected using a Heft\u2013Parker (<jats:italic>Pain<\/jats:italic>, 19, 1984 and 153) visual analogue scale. The first group (control) received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IANB<\/jats:styled-content> with 1.8 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> of a local anaesthetic solution containing 1.8% lidocaine with 1\u00a0:\u00a088\u00a0000 epinephrine while the second group (test) received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IANB<\/jats:styled-content> with 1.8 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> of an anaesthetic solution containing 1% magnesium sulphate, and 1.8% lidocaine with 1\u00a0:\u00a088\u00a0000 epinephrine. Pain data were collected after access cavity and penetration of files in the canals using a Heft\u2013Parker visual analogue scale. Two patients were not included in the study as they did not consent, and a further 54 patients were excluded as they did not report lip numbness within 15\u00a0min after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IANB<\/jats:styled-content> administration; thus, the data presented in this study are related to 68 patients. The data were analysed using chi\u2010square and <jats:italic>t\u2010<\/jats:italic>test (\u03b1\u00a0=\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The success of pulpal anaesthesia with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IANB<\/jats:styled-content> was 82% for the magnesium sulphate group and 53% for the control group. There was a significant difference in the effectiveness of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IANB<\/jats:styled-content> between the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). There was no significant difference between the magnesium sulphate and control groups regarding gender (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.598) or age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.208) or initial pain scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.431).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The addition of 1% magnesium sulphate to 1.8% lidocaine with 1\u00a0:\u00a088\u00a0000 epinephrine resulted in a positive impact for the success of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IANB<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with a diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis related to mandibular molar teeth undergoing root canal treatment. Thus magnesium sulphate may be used as adjuvant for achieving profound pulpal anaesthesia in challenging cases. However, more studies with larger sample size and different concentration doses must be carried out to establish an appropriate conclusion before its routine clinical use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T17:19:00Z","timestamp":1563211140000},"page":"145-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of magnesium sulphate added to lidocaine on inferior alveolar nerve block success in patients with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4456-9648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. A.","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics Dental Research Center Dental Research Institute School of Dentistry Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3905-368X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Sadaghiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry College of Biomedical and Life Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2324-2208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Shahnaseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dental Implant Research Center School of Dentistry Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zandian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics Dental Research Center Dental Research Institute School of Dentistry Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0662-1927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. J. J.","family":"Farnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry College of Biomedical and Life Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7459-0582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. E.","family":"Vianna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry College of Biomedical and Life Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jms.2008.395.399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"e39","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of arti\u2010caine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with symptomatic versus asymp\u2010tomatic irreversible pulpitis","volume":"60","author":"Argueta\u2010Figueroa L","year":"2012","journal-title":"General Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6148.1000547"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800060801"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DON.0000125317.21892.8F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of magnesium sulphate vs clonidine as adjunct to local anesthetic during peribulbar block","volume":"4","author":"El\u2010Hamid AA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ain\u2010Shams Journal of Anesthesiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egja.2013.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2011.93.3.185a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608501114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of magnesium sulphate for brachial plexus analgesia","volume":"21","author":"Goyal P","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200605000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-1546.2002.10103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egja.2014.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(84)90835-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2016.04.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(84)90572-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19082\/2602"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S026502150200008X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9604-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.02999.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Local Anesthesia","author":"Malamed SF","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/309261a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"616","article-title":"The effect of adding magnesium sulfate to lidocaine compared with paracetamol in prevention of acute pain in hand surgery patients under intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA)","volume":"3","author":"Mirkheshti A","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2279-042X.145387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.186018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(98)80053-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01833.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"449","article-title":"The effect of a single dose of magnesium sulphate as an adjuvantive epidural bupivacaine for infraumbilical surgeries: A prospective double\u2010blind, randomized control trial","volume":"23","author":"Shruthi AH","year":"2016","journal-title":"Middle East Journal of Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2344\/11-00037.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000163502753509455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32835949ab"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000264769.87038.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(91)90100-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","volume-title":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care AZ: An Encyclopaedia of Principles and Practice","author":"Yentis SM","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","first-page":"23946","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate versus tramadol as adjuvants to local anesthetics in sciatic nerve block for lower extremities surgeries","volume":"4","author":"Youssef IA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research and Opinion in Anesthesia and Intensive Care"}],"container-title":["International Endodontic Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iej.13186","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/iej.13186","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iej.13186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T22:39:36Z","timestamp":1694126376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iej.13186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iej.13186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iej.13186","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-2885","1365-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-2885","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-02-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}