{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:31:00Z","timestamp":1784748660385,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnolo\u0161kog Razvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["175075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["175075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the possible association between <jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (\u2212308 G\/A) and <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (\u2212511 C\/T) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and <jats:italic>GSTT<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GSTM<\/jats:italic> deletion polymorphisms and risk of apical periodontitis (AP) development, and determine the association of different genotypes with the presence of herpesviral infection in AP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 120 periapical lesions and 200 control samples. Gene polymorphism analysis was performed using either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR\/ restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Relative gene expression of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 was analysed using reverse transcriptase \u2013 real\u2010time PCR. The presence of Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was assessed by nested PCR. Chi\u2010square and Fisher\u2019s exact tests and logistic regression analyses were done for polymorphisms, whilst Mann\u2013Whitney U\u2010test was performed for the expression analysis. The expected frequency of variants was analysed by the Hardy\u2013Weinberg equilibrium test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>TNF\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (\u2212308 G\/A) SNP increased AP susceptibility for heterozygous (odds ratio (OR)\u00a0=\u00a01.72, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a01.06\u20132.80, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027) and homozygous (OR\u00a0=\u00a08.55, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.77\u201341.36, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) carriers of the variant A allele. On the other hand, <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (\u2212511 C\/T) polymorphism exerted a protective effect both in heterozygotes (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.540, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.332\u20130.880, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013) and homozygotes (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.114, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.026\u20130.501, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). In addition, <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> null genotypes separately, as well as concomitantly, were associated with an increased risk for AP development (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The null <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> genotype increased approximately twice the risk of Epstein\u2013Barr infection (EBV) in AP (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.17, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01\u20134.71, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.048), whilst <jats:italic>TNF\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic> SNP decreased it, both in heterozygotes (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.20, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.08\u20130.48, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and AA homozygotes (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.07, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.01\u20130.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>GSTM<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GSTT<\/jats:italic> deletion polymorphisms, as well as <jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (\u2212308 G\/A) SNP, are associated with increased risk, whereas <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (\u2212511 C\/T) polymorphism decreases the risk of AP development. <jats:italic>GSTT<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms also appear to modulate the risk of EBV infection in Serbian patients with AP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T18:30:17Z","timestamp":1585247417000},"page":"895-904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Association of polymorphisms in TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, GSTM and GSTT genes with apical periodontitis: is there a link with herpesviral infection?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6512-4934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Jakovljevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology University of Belgrade Belgrade 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