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Atherosclerosis was induced using a high\u2010lipid diet associated with a surgical ligature in the carotid artery and a super dosage of vitamin D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      . AP was induced via pulp exposure to the oral environment. At 45 and 75\u00a0days, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL\u2010C) and low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL\u2010C) were measured. The maxillary and mandibular jaws and carotid artery were collected and processed for histological analysis. The Kruskal\u2013Wallis or Mann\u2013Whitney test was performed for nonparametric data, and the Tukey\u2019s or Student\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test was performed for parametric data (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In nonatherosclerotic animals, the induction of apical periodontitis increased TG levels significantly, from 63.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.4\u00a0mg\u00a0dL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      in group C to 88.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.9\u00a0mg\u00a0dL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      in the AP group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The induction of AP was associated with a trend for higher TC and LDL\u2010C levels in atherosclerotic animals (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt;\u00a00.05); however, it only significantly increased TG levels, from 93.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.0\u00a0mg\u00a0dL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      in AT group to 121.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.5\u00a0mg\u00a0dL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      in the AP\u00a0+\u00a0AT group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Animals in the AP\u00a0+\u00a0AT group had a 36.5% increase in the thickness of the carotid intima tunic when compared with the AT group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate was significantly larger in the AP\u00a0+\u00a0AT group when compared with AP group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The AP\u00a0+\u00a0AT group exhibited significantly greater alveolar bone loss, with a periapical lesion size of 206.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a056.3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                      <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , compared with 151.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a049.1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                      <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in the AP group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apical periodontitis influenced triglyceride levels, increasing them even in the absence of atherosclerosis, and influenced the increase in the thickness of the carotid artery intima tunic in the presence of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis intensified the inflammatory reaction and increased bone resorption in periapical lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T05:46:10Z","timestamp":1592891170000},"page":"1387-1397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Relationship between apical periodontitis and atherosclerosis in rats: lipid profile and histological study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9261-332X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. C.","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Section Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp) Ara\u00e7atuba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0427-9059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. J.","family":"Segura\u2010Egea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Section Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry University of Sevilla Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4943-7022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. B. M.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Section Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp) Ara\u00e7atuba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5459-353X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Benetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Section Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5196-514X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. M.","family":"Azuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1593-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. H. C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Section Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp) Ara\u00e7atuba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0408-9842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. R. 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