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Quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay were carried out to evaluate the expression of osteogenic markers as well as the classic Wnt signalling pathway. Periapical periodontitis was induced in Wistar rats to further confirm the effect of sFRP1 inhibitor on bone loss <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. After the Shapiro\u2013Wilk normality test, data were analysed by Student\u2019s paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test or one\u2010way <jats:sc>Anova<\/jats:sc> test with a <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value less than 0.05 as the level of statistical significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic markers were detected in hPDLCs treated with\u00a0<jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\u00a0LPS during osteogenic induction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Increased expression of sFRP1 was observed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), whilst Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signalling pathway was inhibited by the addition of <jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\u00a0LPS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). After the addition of the sFRP1 inhibitor, the decrease of osteogenic markers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and the inhibition of Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signalling pathway (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) were reversed significantly. The animal experiment further confirmed that\u00a0the sFRP1 inhibitor significantly reduced bone loss of periapical lesions <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wnt antagonist sFRP1 was involved in the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs under inflammation. Modulation of the Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signalling pathway through the inhibition of sFRP1 may offer a new perspective on the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T13:07:31Z","timestamp":1607519251000},"page":"768-779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled\u2010related protein I (sFRP1) may be involved in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells in chronic apical periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 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