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LF was induced by carbon tetrachloride administration for 8\u00a0weeks and surgical bile duct ligation for 4\u00a0weeks; AP was induced in the teeth of rats by dental pulp exposure to the oral environment for 30\u00a0days. Jaws and livers were removed after euthanasia. Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) and Picrosirius Red (PSR) staining were used to confirm fibrosis in the livers. The jaws were analysed using H&amp;E staining, immunohistochemical assays of interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106 and tumour necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1). Student\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test and Mann\u2013Whitney\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test were used for statistical analysis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Inflammatory infiltrate was moderate in the AP group and severe in the AP\u00a0+\u00a0LF group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Periapical bone resorption was significantly larger in the AP\u00a0+\u00a0LF group compared with the AP group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels were significantly higher in AP\u00a0+\u00a0LF group when compared to the AP group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More intense inflammatory infiltrate, greater amounts of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and increased periapical bone resorption were observed in the presence of liver fibrosis in rats with exposed pulps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T04:18:03Z","timestamp":1616041083000},"page":"1353-1361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Inflammatory profile of apical periodontitis associated with liver fibrosis in rats: histological and immunohistochemical analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4313-7149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Cantiga\u2010Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Section Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) Ara\u00e7atuba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1488-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Estrela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatologic Sciences School of Dentistry UFG \u2013 Federal University of Goi\u00e1s Goi\u00e2nia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0427-9059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. J.","family":"Segura\u2010Egea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Section Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry University of Sevilla Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9161-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. P.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Section Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) Ara\u00e7atuba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1593-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. H. C.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Section Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) Ara\u00e7atuba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4943-7022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. B. M.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Section Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) Ara\u00e7atuba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2987-4759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. 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