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The samples were randomly divided into two groups based on the loading approaches: static loading with a crosshead speed of 0.5\u00a0mm\/min and step\u2010stress cyclic loading (1\u00a0Hz) with increasing amplitude. The loads and numbers of cycles to failure were recorded. Micro\u2010CT was also used to identify the fracture modes. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test. The level of significance was set at 0.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean fracture loads for the static loading and cyclic loading groups were 769\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0171\u00a0N and 720\u00a0\u00b1\u00a092\u00a0N, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). The proportions of longitudinal, cuspal and mixed\u2010mode fractures under cyclic loading were 50%, 20% and 30%, respectively. Longitudinal fractures occurred with larger numbers of cycles and higher average loads per cycle compared with the other fractures. Static loading produced only cuspal fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinally cracked premolar teeth with root fillings were successfully produced using the step\u2010stress cyclic loading method. This provides a more clinically representative methodology for studying cracked teeth in a laboratory setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T06:28:33Z","timestamp":1618468113000},"page":"1638-1646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Laboratory simulation of longitudinally cracked teeth using the step\u2010stress cyclic loading method"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4501-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cariology and Endodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China"},{"name":"Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics School of Dentistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis 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