{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:33:21Z","timestamp":1771457601195,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the final step of insulin signalling, inflammatory pathway (related to the inhibition of insulin signalling), peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010gamma coactivator 1\u03b1 (PGC\u20101\u03b1) protein content and DNA methylation in the <jats:italic>Slc2a4<\/jats:italic> gene promoter region in the skeletal muscle of adult male offspring of rats with apical periodontitis (AP) in a single tooth or in four teeth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: a control group, a group with one tooth with AP and a group with four teeth with AP. Thirty days after induction of AP, female rats from all groups were mated with healthy male rats. When male offspring reached 75\u00a0days of age, the following analyses were performed in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM): insulin\u2010stimulated Akt serine and threonine phosphorylation status; NF\u2010\u03baB p50 and p65\u00a0subunits phosphorylation status; GLUT4, TNF\u2010\u03b1 and PGC\u20101\u03b1 protein content by Western blotting; GLUT4 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 gene expression by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and DNA methylation in the <jats:italic>Slc2a4<\/jats:italic> gene promoter region by restriction digestion and real\u2010time PCR. Analysis of variance was performed, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> values &lt;.05 were considered to be statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal AP in four teeth decreased insulin\u2010stimulated Akt serine and threonine phosphorylation status, reduced GLUT4 gene expression and its protein content, and increased NF\u2010\u03baB p50 and p65 subunits phosphorylation status in the GM of adult offspring. There were no alterations in the parameters analysed in the GM of adult offspring of rats with AP in a single tooth. In addition, maternal AP did not affect TNF\u2010\u03b1 gene expression and its protein content, PGC\u20101\u03b1 protein content and DNA methylation in the <jats:italic>Slc2a4<\/jats:italic> gene promoter region in the GM of adult offspring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal AP in four teeth was associated with impairment in the final step of insulin signalling in the GM of adult male offspring in rats. An increase in NF\u2010\u03baB activity may be involved in this decrease in insulin signalling. This study demonstrates the impact of maternal AP on the health of offspring, demonstrating the importance of maintaining adequate maternal oral health to prevent diseases in adult offspring in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T08:21:56Z","timestamp":1628842916000},"page":"2113-2124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of maternal apical periodontitis on the final step of insulin signalling and inflammatory pathway in the adult male offspring of rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1708-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tha\u00eds Ver\u00f4nica Saori","family":"Tsosura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) Ara\u00e7atuba 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