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The radiographic outcome measures were continued root formation (width and length), root resorption, apex closure, periapical index, and root development stage. The clinical outcome measures were percussion pain, palpation pain, pathological tooth mobility, swelling, sinus tract, ankylosis, crown discolouration, response to pulp sensitivity test, and subjective pain. Treatment outcomes were categorized as a success based on the absence of clinical symptoms and when radiographic evidence was present for apical healing and continued root development. The performed statistical tests were repeated measures <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>, pairwise comparisons of interactions (t\u2010test), McNemar's test, and linear regression model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 45 of 75 teeth (60%), PR was successful with the resolution of clinical and radiographic signs and continued root development. PR failed due to the absence of bleeding (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a019) and persistent infection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011). PR showed statistically significant increases in root length (11%), and dentinal wall thickness (30%), root maturation (pre\u2010operative 3.38 [CI 1.88; 4.88]; post\u2010operative 4.04, [CI 2.56; 5.52]) apical closure (71.4%), healing of pre\u2010operative apical periodontitis (100%), and healing of pre\u2010operative inflammatory root resorptions (100%). Three predictive variables for continued root maturation were identified \u2013 root development stage at entry (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0001, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> 0.649), [CI 0.431; 0.867], trauma to the soft tissues (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.026, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> \u22120.012), [CI \u22120.0225; \u22120.015], and pre\u2010operative dentinal wall thickness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> \u22120.001); [CI \u22120.001; 0.0001].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that PR provides satisfactory clinical and radiographical outcomes in traumatized necrotic incisors. The failed cases were related to lack of bleeding and persistent infections, indicating that new techniques are needed to improve the predictability of PR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T08:40:51Z","timestamp":1648197651000},"page":"630-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Endodontic pulp revitalization in traumatized necrotic immature permanent incisors: Early failures and long\u2010term outcomes\u2014A longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8281-9241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Wikstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics Public Dental Health Services Eastmaninstitutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Centre of Paediatric Oral Health  Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8747-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malin","family":"Brundin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5674-8179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelly","family":"Romani Vestman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics County Council of V\u00e4sterbotten  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"},{"name":"Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3536-4467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olena","family":"Rakhimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5361-5840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsilingaridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Centre of Paediatric Oral Health  Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"American Association of Endodontists (AAE) 2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2003.tb00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1995.tb00464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1839-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2011.01049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200404000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1992.tb00228.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.36.3.02354g044271t152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.11.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1994.tb00242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19424396.2004.12223997"},{"issue":"189","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects on apical periodontitis. 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