{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:52:32Z","timestamp":1787014352152,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81700966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81700966"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PTEN\u2010induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin E3 ubiquitin\u2010protein ligase (Parkin) are critical for immune and inflammatory regulation in health and disease. PINK1 and Parkin have been confirmed to be involved in the progression of apical periodontitis by affecting mitophagy\u2010related osteoblast apoptosis; however, the expression of PINK1 and Parkin in macrophages, one of the most important cells in apical periodontitis, remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression of PINK1 and Parkin in human apical periodontitis lesions, as well as their possible localization in macrophages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010seven human periapical tissues, including periapical granulomas (PGs,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a012), radicular cysts (RCs,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a011) and healthy gingival tissues (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a014) were examined. The inflammatory infiltrates of lesions were evaluated by haematoxylin staining, and the expression of PINK1 and Parkin was detected by immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescence was used to explore the colocalization of microtubule\u2010associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and TOMM20, as well as the localization of PINK1 and Parkin, in macrophages of human apical periodontitis lesions. The ultrastructural morphology of mitochondria in human apical periodontitis lesions was visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Data were analysed by one\u2010way\n                      <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>\n                      with Student\u2013Newman\u2010Keul's test and the Mann\u2013Whitney test.\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a significantly higher expression of PINK1 and Parkin proteins in human apical periodontitis lesions than in healthy gingival tissues (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), but no significant difference was demonstrated between PGs and RCs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u2009.05). The higher expression of LC3 and the presence of more LC3\u2010TOMM20 double\u2010positive cells were also observed in human apical periodontitis. Double\u2010labelling analysis of PINK1, Parkin and LC3 with CD68 indicated that macrophage mitophagy might be present in the progression of human apical periodontitis. Finally, the results of TEM morphological analysis revealed the appearance of double\u2010membraned mitophagosomes and vacuolated mitochondria in macrophage\u2010like cells of apical periodontitis lesions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicated that PINK1 and Parkin proteins were highly expressed in clinical apical periodontitis lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T05:11:56Z","timestamp":1651554716000},"page":"870-881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Expression of\n                    <scp>PINK1<\/scp>\n                    and Parkin in human apical periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Bingqian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei\u2010MOST) &amp; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School &amp; Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei\u2010MOST) &amp; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School &amp; Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guojing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei\u2010MOST) &amp; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School &amp; Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingxin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei\u2010MOST) &amp; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School &amp; Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei\u2010MOST) &amp; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School &amp; Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan 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