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The objective was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of novel DC\u2010based hydrogels (DCHs) against polymicrobial biofilms grown in radicular dentine and root canals and to compare results with triantibiotic (TAH) and diantibiotic (DAH) hydrogels, and calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> antimicrobial activity of intracanal medicaments was evaluated against 3\u2010week\u2010old polymicrobial root canal biofilms grown on human radicular dentine. Dentine samples were obtained and randomly divided into the study groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04\/group): (1) 1\u00a0mg\/ml TAH; (2) 1\u00a0mg\/ml DAH; (3) 5% diclofenac (DCH); (4) 2.5% DCH; (5) 1.25% DCH; (6) 1\u00a0mg\/ml DAH\u2009+\u20095% DCH; (7) Ca(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> paste; (8) positive control. The microbial viability, in terms of percentage of intact cell membranes, was assessed after 7\u2009days by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> efficacy of intracanal medications was evaluated in root canals infected with a polymicrobial suspension. Intracanal microbiological samples at baseline (S1) and 7\u2009days post\u2010treatment (S2) were taken; microbial quantification and cell viability were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (<jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>PCR) and flow cytometry (FC). The mean Log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> of bacterial DNA copies in root canal samples before (S1) and the Log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> reduction of DNA copies S1\u2013S2 in <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>PCR were recorded. The absolute value of total cells stained, and the percentage reduction of intact membrane cells after treatment (S1\u2013S2), were analysed by FC. Global comparison was done using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, whilst the Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test was used for pair\u2010by\u2010pair comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Confocal scanning laser microscopy analysis indicated that the greatest effectiveness was obtained with 5% DCH, showing significant differences with respect to the other groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In root canals, the highest Log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> DNA reduction S1\u2013S2 was obtained with 5% DCH and TAH, with no differences between them. The results of FC showed that only 5% DCH proved significantly superior to the other treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sodium DC hydrogels demonstrate antimicrobial efficacy against endodontic biofilms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T14:14:00Z","timestamp":1664374440000},"page":"103-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Antimicrobial potential of new diclofenac hydrogels for disinfection in regenerative endodontics: An <i>in vitro<\/i> and <i>ex vivo<\/i> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1358-6616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilde","family":"Ruiz\u2010Linares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry University of Granada  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