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Isolated HDPCs from healthy donors were divided into four experimental groups: vehicle, 20\u2009\u03bcg\/ml LPS, 400\u2009\u03bcM H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and the two combined. All experimental groups were investigated to assess cell proliferation, mineralization, differentiation, inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics, antioxidants, and apoptosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and combined agents decreased cell proliferation of HDPCs equally. LPS, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2,<\/jats:sub>and both combined decreased mineralization and differentiation with an increase in tumour necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) levels. Surprisingly, LPS and combined agents increased SOD2 expression and caused an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics. A significant increase in apoptosis was observed in the case of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and combined agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that LPS induced inflammation, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, and reduced cell differentiation without altering apoptosis and cell proliferation. However, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>decreased cell proliferation, and differentiation, and increased inflammation, and apoptosis without interfering with mitochondrial dynamics. Based on our findings, combining LPS and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>could be potentially used as the inducers in<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>study to mimic the clinical pulpitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T17:14:07Z","timestamp":1666372447000},"page":"179-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Lipopolysaccharides and hydrogen peroxide induce contrasting pathological conditions in dental pulpal cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9472-3485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Savitri","family":"Vaseenon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand"},{"name":"Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac 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