{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T21:17:37Z","timestamp":1788297457468,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31800840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31800840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dentinal tubules serve as disease\u2010causing channels for infiltration and penetration of bacteria and their by\u2010products; which are regarded as the major driver of pathogenesis in pulpal inflammation and infection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the transdentinal potential of nanoscale cetylpyridinium chloride\/cholesterol (CPC\/Chol) sterosomes, which are a recently developed type of cationic non\u2010phospholipid liposomal nanocarrier; as well as their intrinsic and universal antibacterial activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cetylpyridinium chloride\/cholesterol sterosomes were formulated, with a hydrodynamic diameter of 134\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u00a0nm, a low polydisperse index of 0.161\u2009\u00b1\u20090.007, and a positive zeta potential of 41\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u00a0mV at pH\u00a07.4. Transdentinal diffusion ability of sterosomes was evaluated using human dentine blocks <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, and Wistar rat molar teeth <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The intrinsic antibacterial activities of CPC\/Chol sterosomes against <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> were further examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cetylpyridinium chloride\/cholesterol sterosomes successfully penetrated through the dentinal tubules, and diffused into the pulp, which could be internalized by dental pulp cells with a high efficiency. In addition, they exhibited substantial levels of intrinsic antibacterial activity against these Gram\u2010positive and Gram\u2010negative endodontic bacteria and their biofilms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given its high penetration and diffusion ability through the dentine and pulp, great potential for multi\u2010drug delivery, and distinct intrinsic antibacterial activity; sterosome\u2010based nanocarriers might serve as a promising therapeutic strategy aimed at targeting various specific pathways associated with pulpal diseases. This will help determine and characterize the most appropriate prophylactic and therapeutic targets for early intervention in our future dentistry practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T04:11:38Z","timestamp":1667794298000},"page":"245-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of the transdentinal capability of the intrinsic antibacterial cetylpyridinium chloride\/cholesterol sterosomes <i>in vitro<\/i> and <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoning","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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