{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:15:28Z","timestamp":1791645328535,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a key DNA sensor, cyclic GMP\u2013AMP synthase (cGAS) has emerged as a major mediator of innate immunity and inflammation. Human apical periodontitis has yet to be studied for the presence of cGAS. This investigation was conducted to determine if cGAS is involved in the pathological process of human apical periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty four human periapical lesions, comprising 20 periapical granulomas and 44 radicular cysts, were employed in this investigation. Healthy gingiva (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06), dental pulp (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03), and apical papilla (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03) were used as control samples. The expression of cGAS in the periapical tissues was discovered using immunohistochemical staining. mRNA\u2010Sequencing and qRT\u2010PCR were utilized to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with DNA\u2010sensing signalling in periapical lesions compared to the healthy control. Immunofluorescence labelling was used to identify the co\u2010expression of cGAS, interleukin\u20101\u03b2, and interleukin\u201018.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significantly greater expression level of cGAS was discovered in the periapical lesions, with no significant difference between radicular cysts and periapical granulomas. mRNA\u2010Sequencing analysis and qRT\u2010PCR identified differentially expressed mRNA, such as cGAS and its downstream DEGs, between periapical lesions and healthy control tissues. Immunofluorescence labelling further revealed that cGAS, interleukin\u20101, and interleukin\u201018 were co\u2010localized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These observations imply that along with the synthesis of interleukin\u20101 and interleukin\u201018, cGAS may be involved in the aetiology of apical periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T07:13:57Z","timestamp":1676877237000},"page":"710-721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The expression of cyclic GMP\u2013AMP synthase in human apical periodontitis: A laboratory investigation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4131-6207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key 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