{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:15:26Z","timestamp":1791645326749,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the study was to explore whether hexokinase 1 (HK1) is involved in the inhibition of inflammation mediated by nucleotide\u2010binding oligomerization domain\u2010like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signalling pathway in the development of apical periodontitis (AP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human AP tissues and normal control tissues were collected in the clinic. First, the levels of glucose, pyruvate, lactate and hexokinase activity were examined in human AP tissues. ECAR and OCR were further measured to detect the level of glycolysis <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> model of inflammation, which established with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. Secondly, the expression of HK1, NLRP3, caspase\u20101 and interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2 were measured by Western blot, immunohistochemistry or RT\u2013qPCR. Finally, lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) silencing technique or the inhibitor 2\u2010deoxy\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucose (2\u2010DG) were used to further detect the relationship between HK1\u2010mediated glycolysis and NLRP3\u2010mediated inflammation in the development of AP <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initially, the level of glycolysis was significantly increased in human AP tissues. Subsequently, the expression of HK1, NLRP3, caspase\u20101 and IL\u20101\u03b2 were upregulated significantly in human AP tissues. Furthermore, in the model of AP <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, a high level of glycolysis and the high expression of HK1, NLRP3, caspase\u20101 and IL\u20101\u03b2 was observed. Finally, the expression of NLRP3, caspase\u20101 and IL\u20101\u03b2 mediated by LPS stimulation was significantly reduced via HK1 knockdown or 2\u2010DG treatment <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data support that HK1\u2010mediated glycolysis plays a crucial role in the development of AP via upregulating the NLRP3 signalling pathway. Moreover, targeting HK1 may contribute to prevent the progression of AP, which has a potential clinical translation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T09:07:15Z","timestamp":1679303235000},"page":"734-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Targeting hexokinase 1 alleviates NLRP3\u2010mediated inflammation in apical periodontitis: A laboratory investigation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Yajie","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, 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