{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:20:49Z","timestamp":1789039249138,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The regulation of human dental pulp inflammation is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of miR\u20104691\u20103p on the cGAS\u2013STING signalling cascade and its downstream cytokines production in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Normal dental pulp tissue and pulp tissue with irreversible pulpitis from third molars were collected. HDPCs were isolated from pulp tissue. The expression of\n                      <jats:italic>STING<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA and miR\u20104691\u20103p was measured by quantitative real\u2010time PCR. Bioinformatic computation via TargetScanHuman 8.0 and a luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the targets of miR\u20104691\u20103p. A miR\u20104691\u20103p mimic and inhibitor were used to upregulate or downregulate miR\u20104691\u20103p expression in HDPCs. HDPCs were transfected with c\u2010di\u2010AMP, c\u2010di\u2010GMP, cGAMP, interferon stimulatory DNA (ISD) and bacterial genomic DNA. Immunoblot was performed to detect the phosphorylation of TBK1, p65 and IRF3. Enzyme\u2010linked immunoassay was performed to detect the cytokines including IFN\u2010\u03b2, TNF or IL\u20106 downstream of cGAS\u2013STING.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MiR\u20104691\u20103p expression was increased in human dental pulp tissue with irreversible pulpitis. Treatment of HDPCs using recombinant human IFN\u2010\u03b2, TNF or IL\u20106 also upregulated miR\u20104691\u20103p. The bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that STING was a direct target of miR\u20104691\u20103p. The miR\u20104691\u20103p mimic suppressed STING expression, the phosphorylation of TBK1, p65 and IRF3, and the IFN\u2010\u03b2, TNF or IL\u20106 production. In contrast, the miR\u20104691\u20103p inhibitor enhanced the STING expression, the phosphorylation of TBK1, p65 and IRF3 and the IFN\u2010\u03b2, TNF or IL\u20106 production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MiR\u20104691\u20103p negatively regulates the cGAS\u2013STING pathway by directly targeting STING. This provides insight to utilize miRNA\u2010dependent regulatory effect to treat endodontic disease as well as STING\u2010dependent systemic inflammatory disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T01:55:49Z","timestamp":1688522149000},"page":"1328-1336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["MicroRNA\u20104691\u20103p inhibits the inflammatory response by targeting STING in human dental pulp cells: A laboratory investigation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4544-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou 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