{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:27:18Z","timestamp":1784032038101,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to compare the stress produced on the internal walls of simulated canals by nine rotary and four reciprocating systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010five isotropic transparent blocks containing a 60\u00b0 curved and tapered simulated canal were selected and distributed into 13 groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095) according to the preparation system: BioRace, HyFlex EDM, iRaCe, Mtwo, One RECI, ProTaper Next, RaCe EVO, Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, R\u2010Motion, VDW.ROTATE, XP\u2010Endo Rise Shaper, and XP\u2010Endo Shaper. Each resin block was mounted in a vice and a digital camera recorded the entire sequence of each preparation system through a circular polariscope set for dark field analysis. The video frames when each instrument reached the end of the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the canal were extracted from the recordings and analysed by two independent observers regarding the stress generated on the canal walls using a semi\u2010quantitative evaluation on a 0\u20135 scale. Intra\u2010 and inter\u2010observer agreement were subjected to the Cohen's Kappa coefficient test, whilst the experimental results were compared using Kruskal\u2011Wallis test <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic> pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction (\u03b1\u2009=\u20095%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inter\u2010 and intra\u2010observer agreement were 0.98 and 1, respectively. Most instruments demonstrated acceptable performance (scores\u2009\u2264\u20092) in all thirds. Other instruments, such as the HyFlex EDM 25.12 (coronal and middle thirds), Reciproc Blue R25 and Reciproc R25 (coronal and apical thirds), R\u2010Motion 30.04 (apical third), and VDW.ROTATE 20.05 (apical third) showed scores higher than 3. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference amongst the tested systems at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>None of the canal instrumentation protocols were stress\u2010free, showing varying levels of stress concentrations. Various factors seemed to influence the magnitude of stress and its distribution pattern on the canal walls. Overall, instruments characterized by a larger taper, lower speed, reciprocating motion, and made of heat\u2010treated NiTi alloy exhibited higher patterns of stress distribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T15:02:46Z","timestamp":1691766166000},"page":"1399-1411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Quasi\u20103D dynamic photoelastic analysis of stress distribution during preparation of simulated canals with 13 mechanical preparation systems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0729-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Takeji","family":"Moriya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  S\u00e3o Paulo 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