{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:05:31Z","timestamp":1791882331031,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate serum biomarkers of inflammation 2\u2009years following non\u2010surgical root canal re\u2010treatment (Re\u2010RCT) and peri\u2010apical surgery (PS). The results were correlated with signs and symptoms, treatment outcome, metabolic syndrome factors, infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 (COVID\u201019) infection and COVID\u201019 vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjects from our previous study were recalled for 2\u2009years post\u2010treatment follow\u2010up. Changes to the patient's history (medical, dental, social) were noted. Periapical health of the treated teeth was examined both clinically and radiographically. Blood pressure, fasting HbA1C and low\u2010density lipoprotein (LDL), high\u2010density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured. Serum inflammatory marker levels were assayed using a Bio\u2010Rad Bio\u2010Plex 200 analyser and values at different time points within the same group were compared using a Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test and differences between groups with a Mann\u2013Whitney test. Linear associations were tested using Pearson's correlations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The recall percentage at 2\u2009years was 56.9% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200937), with a 100% radiographic success rate using periapical radiographs. In total, 21 cases (56.8%) were completely healed, and 16 cases (43.2%) were healing. Higher matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) levels were present in the healing group compared to the healed group. Serum levels of high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (hs\u2010CRP), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and MMP\u20102 were significantly reduced (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009.001) whereas other biomarkers showed significant increases at 2 year compared to pre\u2010operative levels, while FGF\u201023 and ICAM\u20101 were not significantly increased. HbA1C (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.015), TC (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003), LDL (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003) and HDL (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003) reduced significantly at 2\u2009years post\u2010treatment compared to their preoperative levels. COVID infection showed a significant association with MMP\u20109 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.048).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>hs\u2010CRP, ADMA and MMP\u20102 can be regarded as prognostic biomarkers of successful Re\u2010RCT and PS as they reduced at 2\u2009year recall in cases which showed evidence of clinical and radiographic success. The successful treatment of chronic apical periodontitis is correlated with improvements in metabolic syndrome indicators, better glycemic control, and reduction at 2\u2009year of some systemic inflammatory markers which are related to risks of cardiovascular disease events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T04:29:59Z","timestamp":1696393799000},"page":"1499-1516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Successful endodontic treatment reduces serum levels of cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers\u2014high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and matrix metalloprotease\u20102"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2436-9646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor","family":"Al\u2010Abdulla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical &amp; Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3228-2025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Bakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical &amp; Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine Umm Al\u2010Qura University  Makkah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0560-1054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Mannocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical &amp; Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5684-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon","family":"Proctor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Host\u2010Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1657-918X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Moyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Host\u2010Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0334-4119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadia Ambreen","family":"Niazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical &amp; Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences Guy's Dental Hospital, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1536"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63963-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2002-0166TR"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13786"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"527","article-title":"Apical periodontitis and atherosclerosis: is there a link? 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