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Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by cell counting and MTT assays, while bacterial growth and viability were determined by CFU and LIVE\/DEAD staining. Glucose catabolism and lactate excretion were measured photometrically as metabolic indicators. To evaluate the inflammatory response, the release of cytokines and growth factors (IL\u20106, IL\u20108, TGF\u2010\u03b21, VEGF) was determined by ELISA. Non\u2010parametric statistical analyses were performed to compare all groups and time points (Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test or Kruskal\u2013Wallis test; <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>While eDMP and especially <jats:italic>S.\u2009mutans<\/jats:italic> reduced the number and viability of DPCs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.0462), neither DPCs nor eDMP affected the growth and viability of <jats:italic>S.\u2009mutans<\/jats:italic> during coculture (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.0546). The growth of <jats:italic>S.\u2009mutans<\/jats:italic> followed a common curve, but the death phase was not reached within 72\u2009h. <jats:italic>S.\u2009mutans<\/jats:italic> consumed medium glucose in only 30\u2009h, whereas in the absence of <jats:italic>S.\u2009mutans<\/jats:italic>, cells were able to catabolize glucose throughout 72\u2009h, resulting in the corresponding amount of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactate. No change in medium pH was observed. <jats:italic>S.\u2009mutans<\/jats:italic> induced IL\u20106 production in DPCs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.0011), whereas eDMP had no discernible effect (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.7509). No significant changes in IL\u20108 were observed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.198). TGF\u2010\u03b21, available from eDMP supplementation, was reduced by DPCs over time. VEGF, on the other hand, was increased in all groups during coculture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results show that the coculture of DPCs and <jats:italic>S.\u2009mutans<\/jats:italic> is possible without functional impairment. The bacterially induced stimulation of proinflammatory and regenerative cytokines provides a basis for future investigations and the elucidation of molecular biological relationships in pulp defence against caries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T14:45:26Z","timestamp":1699627526000},"page":"164-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An <i>in vitro<\/i> coculture approach to study the interplay between dental pulp cells and <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Akamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Rosendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin M.","family":"Galler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"W\u00f6lflick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Buchalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7917-9466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Widbiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169425"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The global increase in dental caries. 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