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The treatment of both diseases is based on the elimination of the bacterial challenge, though its predictability depends on the ability of disrupting these biofilms, what may need adjunctive antibacterial strategies, such as the next\u2010generation antibacterial strategies (NGAS). From all the newly developed NGAS, the use of polymeric nanotechnology may pose a potential effective approach. Although some of these strategies have only been tested in\u00a0vitro and in preclinical in\u00a0vivo models, their use holds a great potential, and therefore, it is relevant to understand their mechanism of action and evaluate their scientific evidence of efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore NGAS based on polymeric nanotechnology used for the potential treatment of periodontitis and apical periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systemic search of scientific publications of adjunctive antimicrobial strategies using nanopolymers to treat periodontal and periapical diseases was conducted using The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE by PubMed), The Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, EMBASE and Web of Science.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Different polymeric nanoparticles, nanofibres and nanostructured hydrogels combined with antimicrobial substances have been identified in the periodontal literature, being the most commonly used nanopolymers of polycaprolactone, poly(lactic\u2010<jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycolic acid) and chitosan. As antimicrobials, the most frequently used have been antibiotics, though other antimicrobial substances, such as metallic ions, peptides and naturally derived products, have also been added to the nanopolymers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polymeric nanomaterials containing antimicrobial compounds may be considered as a potential NGAS. 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