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Computational fluid dynamics assessment was also conducted to determine the irrigation flow pattern, apical pressure, and wall shear stress in simulated canal preparations. Kruskal\u2013Wallis and one\u2010way anova post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical comparisons (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Instruments presented variations in blade numbers, helical angles, and tip designs, with all featuring non\u2010active tips, symmetrical blades, and equiatomic nickel\u2010titanium ratios. Cross\u2010sectional designs exhibited an S\u2010shaped geometry, except for WaveOne Gold. Univy 25\/.04 and Reciproc Blue displayed the smallest and largest core diameters at D3. Univy 25\/.04 and E\u2010Flex Rec 25\/.04 demonstrated the longest time to fracture (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Reciproc Blue and Univy 25\/.04 exhibited the highest and lowest torque to fracture, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Univy 25\/.04 and Reciproc Blue had the highest rotation angles, whilst E\u2010Flex Rec 25\/.06 showed the lowest angle (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). The better cutting ability was observed with E\u2010Flex Rec 25\/.06, Procodile, Excalibur, and Reciproc Blue (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). Reciproc R25 and E\u2010Flex Rec showed the highest buckling resistance values (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05), with WaveOne Gold being the least flexible instrument. The impact of instruments' size and taper on wall shear stress and apical pressure did not follow a distinct pattern, although Univy 25\/.04 and E\u2010Flex Rec 25\/.06 yielded the highest and lowest values for both parameters, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010tapered reciprocating instruments exhibit increased flexibility, higher time to fracture, and greater angles of rotation, coupled with reduced maximum bending loads and buckling strength compared to large\u2010tapered instruments. Nevertheless, low\u2010tapered systems also exhibit lower maximum torque to fracture and inferior cutting ability, contributing to a narrower apical canal enlargement that may compromise the penetration of irrigants in that region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T13:16:54Z","timestamp":1708435014000},"page":"601-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Multimethod analysis of large\u2010 and low\u2010tapered single file reciprocating instruments: Design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and irrigation flow"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Jo\u00e3o Nogueira Leal","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)  Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO)  Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9389-0468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Pe\u00f1a\u2010Bengoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry Universidad Andres Bello  Vi\u00f1a del Mar Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4796-9500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha C.","family":"Ajuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO)  Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6434-2622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor T. 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