{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:21:31Z","timestamp":1790770891292,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U20A20365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autophagy is involved in human apical periodontitis (AP). However, it is not clear whether autophagy is protective or destructive in bone loss via the receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB ligand (RANKL)\/RANK\/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of autophagy via the RANKL\/RANK\/OPG axis during the development of AP in an experimental rat model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010four female Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were divided into control, experimental AP (EAP)\u2009+\u2009saline, and EAP\u2009+\u20093\u2010methyladenine (An autophagy inhibitor, 3\u2010MA) groups. The control group did not receive any treatment. The EAP\u2009+\u2009saline group and the EAP\u2009+\u20093\u2010MA group received intraperitoneal injections of saline and 3\u2010MA, respectively, starting 1\u2009week after the pulp was exposed. Specimens were collected for microcomputed tomography (micro\u2010CT) scanning, histological processing, and immunostaining to examine the expression of light chain 3 beta (LC3B), RANK, RANKL, and OPG. Data were analysed using one\u2010way analysis of variance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Micro\u2010CT showed greater bone loss in the EAP\u2009+\u20093\u2010MA group than in the EAP\u2009+\u2009saline group, indicated by an elevated trabecular space (Tb.Sp) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the EAP\u2009+\u2009saline and EAP\u2009+\u20093\u2010MA groups. Compared with EAP\u2009+\u2009saline group, the EAP\u2009+\u20093\u2010MA group showed weaker expression of LC3B (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01) and OPG (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05), more intense expression of RANK (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01) and RANKL (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01), and a higher RANKL\/OPG ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autophagy may exert a protective effect against AP by regulating the RANKL\/RANK\/OPG axis, thereby inhibiting excessive bone loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T12:00:35Z","timestamp":1719230435000},"page":"1315-1325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Autophagy regulates bone loss via the\n                    <scp>RANKL<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>RANK<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>OPG<\/scp>\n                    axis in an experimental rat apical periodontitis model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Zhiwu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &amp; National Center for Stomatology &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu 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