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Stress procedures were applied daily until the end of the experiment. After 3\u2009weeks of CUS, AP was induced in all groups by exposing the pulpal tissue of mandibular and maxillary first molars to the oral environment. Propranolol treatment was administered orally once a day for the entire period of the experiment. Rats were sacrificed at 42\u2009days, and the blood was collected for stress biomarkers serum dosage by multiplex assay. Mandibles were removed and submitted to microtomography and histopathological analyses. Periapical tissue surrounding the upper first molar was homogenized and subjected to RT\u2010PCR analysis to evaluate the mRNA expression of RANKL, TRAP and OPG. Parametric data were assessed using one\u2010way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test while the nonparametric data were analysed by the Kruskal\u2013Wallis followed by Dunn's test. Significance level was set at 5% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) for all assessed parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Micro\u2010CT revealed statistically significant differences in bone resorption which was greater in the AP\u2009+\u2009S group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05), but no differences were observed between the Control and AP\u2009+\u2009S\u2009+\u2009PRO groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). The AP\u2009+\u2009S\u2009+\u2009PRO group had a lower intensity and extent of inflammatory infiltrate compared to the AP\u2009+\u2009S group with smaller areas of bone loss (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The gene expression of RANKL and TRAP was significantly higher in the stressed group AP\u2009+\u2009S compared to the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05), and a significantly higher OPG expression was observed in AP\u2009+\u2009S\u2009+\u2009PRO compared to the AP\u2009+\u2009S group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral administration of propranolol had a significant effect on the AP severity in stressed rats, suggesting an anti\u2010inflammatory effect and a protective role on bone resorption of AP in stressed animals. Further research is necessary to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T14:26:20Z","timestamp":1720967180000},"page":"1478-1491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Systemic administration of propranolol reduces bone resorption and inflammation in apical periodontitis of chronically stressed rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6403-8348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayana Duarte","family":"Khoury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u2013 UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna 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