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The questionnaire comprised 40 questions, divided into five sections: (1) demographic data and professional activity; (2) carious tissue removal; (3) decision\u2010making regarding pulp exposure; (4) direct pulp capping and (5) pulpotomy procedures in permanent teeth. Results were descriptively analysed. Logistic regression (95% CI) analyses and <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tests were carried out.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 538 responses were received. Half the respondents (53.7%) preferred to perform complete caries excavation for shallow and moderate carious dentin lesions, and selective excavation to firm dentin for deep lesions (57.8%). Selective removal to soft dentin and stepwise removal were much less indicated (15.4% and 10.9%, respectively). Exposed pulps in asymptomatic teeth were treated by direct pulp capping (over 80%), decreasing in the presence of reversible pulpitis symptoms (57.1%). If irreversible pulpitis was diagnosed, a pulpectomy would be performed by 53.5% and 89.9% of the respondents in, respectively, immature and mature teeth. Pulpotomy was performed routinely only by 26.4% of the clinicians. Patients' attitudes and priorities were the most relevant criteria when performing direct pulp capping and pulpotomy, together with the history of pain and the presence of bleeding. Regarding the clinical procedure, dry cotton was preferred to obtain haemostasis and Biodentine was the material of election.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caries removal preferences and management of pulp exposure by dentists practicing in Spain deviated from vital pulp treatment guidelines, mainly regarding indications and case selection. Pulp exposure was managed by direct pulp capping in asymptomatic cases, whilst immature permanent molars favoured the indication of pulpotomy when pulpitis was diagnosed. Most clinicians used hydraulic calcium silicate cement, specifically Biodentine, to perform vital pulp treatments. Postgraduate formation and continuing education in caries lesions management and vital pulp treatments were consistently related to more conservative and updated decisions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T13:51:31Z","timestamp":1730296291000},"page":"239-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Deep caries and pulp exposures management preferences in permanent teeth: A survey amongst Spanish dentists"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7505-5743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Bailleul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, IDIBO Research Group Universidad Rey Juan Carlos  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6024-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Ceballos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, IDIBO Research Group Universidad Rey Juan Carlos  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4792-1777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Dom\u00e9jean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clermont Auvergne University  Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6568-4157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, IDIBO Research Group Universidad Rey Juan Carlos  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2021.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010014\u20101244\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010021\u201004310\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201052654\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201020918\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010019\u201003114\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13128"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2018.1538536"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13418"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12740"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.684"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103\u20106440201300409"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Consejo General de dentistas. 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