{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:19:08Z","timestamp":1790093948640,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970987"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the accuracy and treatment time of a robotic system (RS) and a dynamic navigation system (DNS) in osteotomy and root\u2010end resection in an in\u00a0vitro study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, four identical mandibular models were created using three\u2010dimensional (3D) printing, each model including 18 teeth. In the surgical procedures, teeth #35, #33, #32, #42, #43 and #45, along with the mesiobuccal roots of teeth #36 and #46, were specifically selected for operation on each model. Cone\u2010beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scans were performed on all models. DentalNavi software was used to plan a drilling path and depth as well as design surgical accessories. In the RS, osteotomy and root\u2010end resection were performed with robotic assistance, whereas in the DNS, these procedures were performed using dynamic navigation. Post\u2010operative CBCT scans were obtained. Global platform deviation, global apex deviation, angular deflection, and time were compared to evaluate the accuracy and treatment time of the surgeries. The treatment time was defined as the registration time and drilling time. Statistical analyses were performed using the Shapiro\u2013Wilk and independent sample <jats:italic>t\u2010<\/jats:italic>test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The global platform deviation, global apex deviation and angular deflection in the RS group were significantly smaller than those in the DNS group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;.05). The registration time in the RS group was significantly longer than that in the DNS group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;.001), whereas the drilling time was significantly shorter (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;.001). The overall surgical time was significantly longer in the RS group than in the DNS group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;.001). Subgroup accuracy analysis revealed that in both the anterior and posterior tooth regions, the RS group exhibited significantly smaller apical and angular deviations than the DNS group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;.001). Additionally, in both the anterior and posterior tooth subgroups, the total time for the DNS group was significantly shorter than that for the RS group in the anterior tooth area (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>RS showed higher accuracy and shorter drilling time in osteotomy and root\u2010end resection compared to DNS. The RS holds promise as a reliable technological advancement in endodontic microsurgery. However, future endeavours should prioritize the reduction in registration time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T17:09:43Z","timestamp":1733332183000},"page":"529-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparing the accuracy and treatment time of a robotic and dynamic navigation system in osteotomy and root\u2010end resection: An in\u00a0vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Digital Dentistry Center, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an People's Republic of 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Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Digital Dentistry Center, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Digital Dentistry Center, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizhu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Digital Dentistry Center, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Digital Dentistry Center, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an People's Republic of 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