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The rats in Coca\u2010Cola and Sprite groups were given <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic> access to their respective soft drinks for 3\u2009months, while the Control group received filtered water. After 2\u2009months of consumption, the pulps of the lower left first molars were exposed for 28\u2009days to induce periapical lesions. Following euthanasia, the jaws were removed, and the periapical lesions were assessed using micro\u2010computed tomography imaging. Blood samples were collected to analyse the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20102, IL\u201017 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 via Luminex assay. Non\u2010parametric data were analysed using the Kruskal\u2010Wallis test followed by Dunn's test, while parametric data were analysed using one\u2010way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both the Coca\u2010Cola and Sprite groups exhibited periapical lesions with significantly greater volume and diameter compared to the Control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, both soft drink groups had significantly higher levels of IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106 and IL\u20102 compared to the Control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The Sprite group displayed significantly higher levels of IL\u20101\u03b2 than the Coca\u2010Cola group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while the Coca\u2010Cola group showed significantly elevated TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels compared to both the Control and Sprite groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No significant differences in IL\u201017 levels were observed among the groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The chronic consumption of sugar\u2010sweetened carbonated soft drinks, regardless of caffeine content, has detrimental effects on the inflammatory response and progression of apical periodontitis in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T06:16:31Z","timestamp":1737008191000},"page":"579-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detrimental effects of chronic sugar\u2010sweetened carbonated soft drink consumption on inflammatory response and the size of apical periodontitis: An animal\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Gabriela Serr\u00e3o 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