{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:11:44Z","timestamp":1792588304799,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102018R1A5A2024418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102018R1A5A2024418"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102021R1A2C2006952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102021R1A2C2006952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102022M3A9F3082330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102022M3A9F3082330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102022\u201000164722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102022\u201000164722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102022M3A9F3082331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102022M3A9F3082331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102023R1A2C1002595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102023R1A2C1002595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the correlation between microbiota of caries\u2010free enamel and caries\u2010affected dentine biofilms and that of root canals with primary apical periodontitis, by using an Illumina MiSeq platform.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biofilm from caries\u2010free enamel surface (Biofilm\u2010C) or caries\u2010affected dentine (Biofilm\u2010E) and root canal paper point samples (Canal) were collected from 31 teeth with primary apical periodontitis. Microbial composition was analysed by amplicon sequencing that targeted the V3\u2013V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Alpha and beta diversities of bacterial communities between sampling sites were compared using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test and pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance, respectively. Differentially abundant taxa identified using MaAsLin2 were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini\u2013Hochberg method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Totals of 16 phyla, 130 genera and 314 species were identified. Distinct and shared bacterial communities were observed between biofilm and canal samples. No significant differences in alpha diversity were observed across all sampling sites. A total of 32 genera including\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter, [Eubacterium], Dialister, Erysipelotrichaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      UCG\u2010006,\n                      <jats:italic>Lawsonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , W5053,\n                      <jats:italic>Phocaeicola, Mogibacterium, Pyramidobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Parvimonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      were more abundant in Canal samples compared to both Biofilm\u2010C and Biofilm\u2010E. The genera\n                      <jats:italic>Hallella, Lactobacillus, Shuttleworthella, Olsenella, Cryptobacterium, Alloprevotella, Phocaeicola, Limosilactobacillus,<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>Selenomonadaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Anaeroglobus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were increased significantly in Biofilm\u2010E compared to Biofilm\u2010C.\n                      <jats:italic>Hallela multisaccharivorax, Olsenella uli, Lactobacilllus gasseri, Selenomonadaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and\n                      <jats:italic>Scardovia inopinata<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited higher abundance in both Biofilm\u2010E and Canal, than Biofilm\u2010C. These differences in bacterial composition among sampling sites, including the increased presence of specific taxa in caries\u2010affected dentine and root canals, suggest that these microorganisms may contribute to the development of primary apical periodontitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacterial community structure differed significantly between biofilm and root canal samples,\u00a0but showed no significant differences among biofilm samples based on dental caries status. However, some taxa were shared among caries\u2010affected lesions, including dentine and root canals.\n                      <jats:italic>H.\u2009multisaccharivorax, O.\u2009uli, L.\u2009gasseri, Selenomonadaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u2009inopinata<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited higher abundance in caries\u2010affected dentine and root canals with primary apical periodontitis, suggesting that specific bacteria in caries\u2010affected dentine play a crucial role in the development of root canal infections and the pathogenesis of primary apical periodontitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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