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Two independent reviewers selected and extracted data; senior reviewers resolved disagreements. Study characteristics were tabulated, and a meta\u2010analysis was conducted, using RevMan software. The QUIPS tool assesses the risk of bias, whilst the GRADE criteria assess the certainty of evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010four studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 23 in the meta\u2010analysis. Bivariate associations showed higher direct pulp capping (DPC) success rates for participants younger than 40\u2009years [OR\u2009=\u20094.85, 95% CI (2.27\u201310.39)]. The association between age and full pulpotomy (FP)\u2009+\u2009partial pulpotomy (PP) survival was not significant in multivariate meta\u2010analysis [HR\u2009=\u20091.02, 95% CI (0.98\u20131.05)]. Bias related to outcome measurements, confounding\/statistical analysis and reporting were the main concerns of the studies' quality, and the overall risk of bias was moderate to high. The certainty of the evidence was very low for the analysis of the DPC 25\u2010year\u2010old cut point, high for the multivariate analysis and moderate for the other analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age did not influence PP and FP outcomes. In contrast, it is associated with DPC success, probably influenced by difficulties during direct inspection of pulp tissue. Further studies with multivariate\u2010adjusted analyses are required to improve the certainty of the evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patient age is not associated with the outcomes of PP and FP in permanent teeth but should be considered a risk predictor for patients over 40\u2009years old undergoing DPC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRD42021273826 (PROSPERO).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T06:57:41Z","timestamp":1743145061000},"page":"809-832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association between patient age and vital pulp therapy outcomes: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of prognostic studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5490-4097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Moretto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program \u2013 School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2514-6036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia Maria Poli","family":"Kopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program \u2013 School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6925-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliseu Aldrighi","family":"M\u00fcnchow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program \u2013 School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1171-0457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta Kochenborger","family":"Scarparo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program \u2013 School of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2021.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/07\u2010143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7306.224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1006193704132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2021.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Long\u2010term outcomes of pulpotomy in permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis: a multi\u2010center randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Asgary S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010014\u20101244\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010021\u201004310\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201052654\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2023.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2005.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517702620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027319"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2018.1538536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Direct pulp capping versus root canal treatment in young permanent vital teeth with pulp exposure due to caries. 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