{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:36:33Z","timestamp":1791891393364,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of haptic virtual reality simulators in preclinical dental education is evolving rapidly. However, the application of immersive haptic simulations for specific dental procedures, such as access cavity preparation, has not been extensively explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to (i) evaluate the impact of using the VirTeaSy Dental\u00ae simulator in conjunction with a virtual reality (VR) headset on student performance during access cavity preparation, with a focus on haptic parameters; (ii) assess students' perceptions of the experience; and (iii) examine the side effects associated with VR headset use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 90 third\u2010year dental students from the Dental Faculty of Nantes University, enrolled in January 2023. Participants were divided into two parallel groups. In Phase 1, Group 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945) completed two endodontic access cavity exercises on the VirTeaSy Dental\u00ae without the VR headset, whilst Group 2 performed the same exercises using the VR headset. In Phase 2, the groups switched conditions and followed the same protocol. Performance was assessed using haptic parameters, and comparisons between groups for each phase were made using parametric and non\u2010parametric tests (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Students also completed questionnaires to assess their experience and report any side effects from using the VR headset.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across both groups and phases, participants performed better in access cavity preparation without the VR headset. They showed greater accuracy, made fewer errors, and completed the exercises more quickly. Notably, more students failed to complete the exercises within the 10\u2010minute time limit when using the VR headset (27 vs. 12 in Group 1, 23 vs. 13 in Group 2). Most participants expressed a preference for using VirTeaSy Dental\u00ae without the VR headset. Approximately, 20% of students reported side effects, including dizziness, nausea, migraines, and neck muscle fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that full immersion in haptic simulation, when paired with a VR headset, negatively impacts student performance in complex tasks such as access cavity preparation. These findings underscore the current limitations of immersive virtual reality in dental education and highlight the need for technical refinements before its widespread adoption in preclinical training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T09:25:03Z","timestamp":1747041903000},"page":"1110-1121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Benefits of using immersive virtual reality in haptic dental simulation for endodontic access cavity training: A comparative crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6556-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octave N.","family":"Bandiaky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton Nantes University  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9riane","family":"Loison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Educational Research Center, CREN, Le Mans University  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Volteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Nantes, Research and Innovation Direction, Methodology and Biostatistics Platform Nantes University  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00eblle","family":"Cr\u00e9tin\u2010Pirolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Educational Research Center, CREN, Le Mans University  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Laboratory of Le Mans University, Le Mans University  Le Mans France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assem","family":"Soueidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton Nantes University  Nantes France"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery University of Nantes  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Le Guehennec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton Nantes University  Nantes France"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dental Surgery University of Nantes  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2024.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","article-title":"Francophone research on ICTE (information and communication technologies for education). 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