{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:18:13Z","timestamp":1791566293436,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the antimicrobial activity and changes in community composition in biofilms treated with two root canal sealers or calcium hydroxide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010nine extracted bovine dentine cylinders were inoculated with subgingival dental plaque for 2\u2009weeks in a CDC biofilm reactor. Three treatment groups were assigned: AH Plus, BC Sealer, and calcium hydroxide. Propylene glycol inert vehicle (PG) and untreated contaminated samples were used as controls. The infected root canal space was in direct contact with the materials for 7\u2009days under anaerobic incubation. Anaerobic culture (colony forming units, CFU), quantification <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR (<\/jats:styled-content>qPCR), and next generation sequencing were used to assess the effect of each material. Differences in the number of molecules (qPCR), CFU, and abundances of genera were evaluated using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test. The Shannon and Chao1 indices were used to measure alpha diversity. Differences in community composition were evaluated using non\u2010parametric analysis of similarity (ANOSIM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CFU, Shannon, and Chao1 indices revealed significant differences between BC Sealer, AH Plus, and calcium hydroxide groups versus the untreated control group and PG (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.003). Calcium hydroxide and BC Sealer significantly reduced the qPCR values compared to the control group and PG. The biofilm composition (98.5%) was primarily composed of <jats:italic>Peptostreptococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Parvimonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Veillonela<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mogibacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lancefieldella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eubacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Slackia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>. Significant differences in overall community composition and beta diversity between untreated controls and AH Plus were observed (ANOSIM <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.674, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). <jats:italic>Parvimonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eubacterium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Lancefieldella<\/jats:italic> were not affected by any of the materials tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calcium hydroxide and BC Sealer significantly reduced the viability and the total number of DNA copies. AH Plus sealer reduced the bacterial viability but did not affect the DNA concentration. AH Plus significantly alters overall biofilm community composition compared to other groups. None of the materials tested eliminated the multispecies biofilm completely.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.70015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T05:31:41Z","timestamp":1755149501000},"page":"1764-1773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multispecies Biofilms Treated With Endodontic Sealers or Calcium Hydroxide: Antimicrobial Activity and Changes in Community Composition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Steven K.","family":"Uttech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Ordinola\u2010Zapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Craig","family":"Noblett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1150-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Martell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic &amp; Translational Research, Department of Surgery University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Staley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic &amp; Translational Research, Department of Surgery University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2003)084[0511:CAOPCA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1942268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Non\u2010Parametric Estimation of the Number of Classes in a Population","volume":"11","author":"Chao A.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13813"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/jabfm.5000337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3601"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0540-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345870660081801"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2010.02193.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519854685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200007000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2020.45.e35"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2025.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2011.01959.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2001.00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05439.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81670-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0143-2885.2004.00785.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)00677-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01541-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","volume-title":"The Mathematical Theory of Communication","author":"Shannon C. E.","year":"1949"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(96)80062-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.1999.00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2011.01985.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81112-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.10.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14247594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphereDirect.00073-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.06.012"}],"container-title":["International Endodontic Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iej.70015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T04:53:39Z","timestamp":1760417619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iej.70015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iej.70015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iej.70015","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-2885","1365-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-2885","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}