{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:26:42Z","timestamp":1792272402229,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate diagnosis of pulpal health is crucial to identify the most effective therapeutic approach. However, differentiating pulpal conditions, which may require different treatment approaches, remains a challenge. This study aimed to address this gap by investigating the protein levels of 17 inflammatory biomarkers simultaneously in the dental pulp with different clinical diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study employed a cross\u2010sectional exploratory design, enrolling 64 adult patients. After obtaining ethical approval, researchers conducted clinical and radiographic examinations to categorise teeth into four diagnostic groups: normal pulp, reversible pulpitis, symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Pulpal blood samples were then collected and analysed using Luminex technology to measure the levels of inflammatory proteins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Statistical analyses, including the Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test and Spearman's rank correlation, were used to compare the levels of these markers across the different diagnoses and to assess their correlation with patient symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study revealed significant increases in several inflammatory proteins, including IL\u20104, IL\u20108, MCP\u20101, MIP\u20101\u03b1, RANTES and MMP\u20109, in both types of irreversible pulpitis cases compared with other diagnostic categories\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05. These elevated levels exhibited positive correlations with patient\u2010reported pain scores, instances of spontaneous pain and bleeding times. Notably, only IL\u20104 and IL\u20107 exhibited correlations with prolonged bleeding times (over 10\u2009min)\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05, while IL\u20101\u03b1 and MMP\u20102 were associated with shorter bleeding times (under 10\u2009min)\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05. Additionally, IL\u20108 and MCP\u20101 levels were significantly associated with positive palpation findings\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05, whereas MIP\u20101\u03b1 and MMP\u20101 were correlated with positive percussion results\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differential specific inflammatory potential biomarker levels may differentiate pulpal disease states. Integrating molecular diagnostics into longitudinal clinical trials and eventually into routine endodontic practice, could revolutionise treatment decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T08:33:56Z","timestamp":1757406836000},"page":"23-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Relationship Between Pulpal Diagnostic Conditions and Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Sabeti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, Advanced Specialty Program in Endodontics University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyvan","family":"Nikghalb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, Advanced Specialty Program in Endodontics University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8133-3664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Pakzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Ilam University of Medical Sciences  Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6368-1665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf F.","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Advanced Educational Program in Endodontics, Health Information and Business Systems (HIBS), School of Dentistry UAB|the University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13547"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2012.02097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Guide to Clinical Endodontics","author":"American Association of Endodontists","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20918-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17144923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2019.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00978.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13688"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13619"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Concentration of Collagenases (MMP\u20101, \u22128, \u221213) in Patients With Chronically Inflamed Dental Pulp Tissue","volume":"33","author":"Evrosimovska B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na Naukite i Umetnostite. 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