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Moreover, Ca(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NPs\u2010gel was sterilised using gamma irradiation (25\u2009kGy), and the stability after the sterilisation process was studied by measuring Ca(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NPs\u2010gel average size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency. To assess the ex\u00a0vivo mucoadhesive strength, extracted single\u2010rooted human teeth were used to measure the force necessary to separate the formulation from the teeth. In addition, the short\u2010time stability of Ca(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NPs\u2010gel was evaluated monthly, analysing entrapment efficacy, backscattering and transmittance of Ca(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NPs\u2010gel stored at different temperatures (4\u00b0C, 25\u00b0C and 37\u00b0C). Furthermore, the antibacterial analysis of Ca(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NPs\u2010gel was performed against\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      inoculated in extracted human single\u2010root teeth and evaluated by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the metabolic activity of bacteria was studied through a resazurin assay to evaluate bacterial survival after treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ca(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NPs\u2010gel owned a round shape and a smooth surface without particle aggregation. Sterilisation did not induce an alteration in Ca(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NPs\u2010gel physicochemical properties and Ca(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NPs\u2010gel presented a high adhesion strength. In addition, 4\u00b0C was the best temperature to store Ca(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NPs\u2010gel. Regarding the antibacterial therapeutic efficacy, Ca(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NPs\u2010gel possesses suitable antibacterial properties, indicating that it efficiently reduces bacterial biofilms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Calcium hydroxide\u2010loaded PLGA nanoparticles dispersed in a thermosensitive gel have been developed, optimised and characterised, obtaining excellent antibacterial properties and achieving bacterial disinfection levels similar to those of commercial formulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  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