{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:22:54Z","timestamp":1789662174725,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016834","name":"Chongqing Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023GDRC012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GDRC012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007957","name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJQN202300469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202300469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81800958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81800958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop an injectable thermo\u2010responsive composite paste based on digested dentine matrix extract (DDME) for dentine regeneration, with potential applications in vital pulp therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An injectable PLGA\u2013PEG\u2013PLGA\/DDME paste was developed and characterized using FTIR. The injectability and self\u2010curing behavior of the composite were evaluated. Its biocompatibility and odontogenic potential were assessed in\u00a0vitro using human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Dentine\u2010forming capacity was investigated in an in\u00a0situ rat model. The effect of the paste on protein expression in hDPCs was examined by label\u2010free proteomic analysis, and the underlying mechanism of DDME\u2010induced odontogenesis was screened. Data were analyzed using Student's t\u2010test and one\u2010way analysis of variance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PLGA\u2013PEG\u2013PLGA\/DDME paste exhibited excellent injectability and temperature\u2010dependent self\u2010curing. Rheological analysis confirmed shear\u2010thinning behaviour and enhanced viscoelastic properties compared to Water\/DDME controls. PLGA\u2013PEG\u2013PLGA significantly improved the handling characteristics of DDME while preserving its bioactivity. In\u00a0vitro, the paste supported human dental pulp cell viability, migration and odontogenic differentiation, upregulating RUNX2, DMP\u20101, DSPP and ALP, and enhancing mineralized nodule formation. In\u00a0situ evaluation in a rat dentine defect model demonstrated that the paste promoted the formation of dentine bridges. Proteomic analysis revealed mTOR signalling as a key pathway, and inhibition experiments with rapamycin confirmed its role in mediating DDME\u2010induced odontogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PLGA\u2010PEG\u2010PLGA\/DDME composite paste is a promising injectable biomaterial for dentine regeneration, with mTOR modulation offering a potential strategy to optimize outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T14:56:02Z","timestamp":1763045762000},"page":"238-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Injectable Thermo\u2010Responsive Dentine Matrix Hydrogel for Enhancing Dentine 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