{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T08:06:48Z","timestamp":1780387608442,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Dental caries demineralises the enamel and dentine of the teeth, and as infection progresses it can lead to pulpal inflammation, infection and severe pain.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine and compare the level of mRNA expression of Toll\u2010like receptors ((\n TLR<\/jats:italic>\n )\u20102,\n TLR\u20104<\/jats:italic>\n and\n TLR\u20109<\/jats:italic>\n ), tumour necrosis factor (\n TNF<\/jats:italic>\n )\u2010\u03b1, interleukins ((\n IL<\/jats:italic>\n )\u20101\u03b1,\n IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201017<\/jats:italic>\n and\n IL\u201023<\/jats:italic>\n ) as well as markers of dentinogenic (dentine matrix protein (\n DMP<\/jats:italic>\n )\u20101, dentine sialophosphoprotein (\n DSPP<\/jats:italic>\n )), regulatory (nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (\n NF\u2010\u03baB1<\/jats:italic>\n ), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK1)), proliferative (mitogen activated protein kinase (\n MKi<\/jats:italic>\n )) and stemness (sex determining region Y\u2010box\u00a02 (\n SOX2<\/jats:italic>\n )) between non\u2010carious and carious dental pulp tissues.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology<\/jats:title>\n \n This study undertook a comprehensive analysis of inflammatory markers including\n TLR<\/jats:italic>\n \u20102,\n TLR\u20104<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n TLR\u20109<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n TNF<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010\u03b1,\n IL<\/jats:italic>\n \u20101\u03b1,\n IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201017<\/jats:italic>\n and\n IL\u201023<\/jats:italic>\n , as well as markers of dentinogenic\n DMP<\/jats:italic>\n \u20101,\n DSPP<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n NF\u2010\u03baB1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n MAPK1<\/jats:italic>\n , proliferative\n MKi<\/jats:italic>\n and stemness\n SOX2<\/jats:italic>\n processes in healthy and carious pulp tissues using quantitative real\u2010time reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We found higher levels of\n TLR\u20102, TLR\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201017A, IL\u201023A<\/jats:italic>\n , along with\n NF\u2010\u03baB1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n MKi67<\/jats:italic>\n in the carious pulps (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). The concurrent upregulation of\n IL\u201017A<\/jats:italic>\n and\n IL\u201023A<\/jats:italic>\n may suggest the activation of the\n IL\u201023\/IL\u201017<\/jats:italic>\n signalling axis in the carious pulps, a point underreported in the literature.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These findings highlight the crucial role of the immune system in pulpal inflammation and potential implications in developing targeted molecular treatments, supporting the need for further translational research.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.70134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:55:06Z","timestamp":1773032106000},"page":"1505-1512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Expressions of Inflammatory, Dentinogenic, Regulatory, Proliferative and Stemness Genes in Non\u2010Carious and Carious Human Dental Pulp Tissues: An\u00a0Ex\u00a0Vivo Proof\u2010of\u2010Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelly","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry IMU University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0779-8479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara T.","family":"Friedlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8534-4472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jithendra T.","family":"Ratnayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakila B.","family":"Rizwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5887-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedict","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8096-4245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison 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