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T2\u2010weighted images by 7 Tesla MRI and micro\u2010computed tomography (CT) images were taken weekly to sequentially monitor the caries progression and pulp conditions in the same individuals. Caries lesions were classified into moderate, severe and exposed groups with reference to the micro\u2010CT images. Sound teeth without caries were used as controls. Histopathological observations were performed to confirm the pulp inflammation. Pulpotomy was performed to remove the low magnetic resonance (MR) signal area suspected to be a \u2018critical pulpal inflammation\u2019 zone, which is considered unlikely to be preserved. Six weeks after pulpotomy, T2\u2010weighted and micro\u2010CT images of the molars were obtained, and histopathological evaluation was performed to observe the outcome of the pulpotomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High MR signal areas expanded with caries progression from the moderate to the severe group, indicating a spreading inflammatory response, which was confirmed histologically. The exposed group showed a significantly lower MR signal area compared with the others (one\u2010way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), a candidate molecular biomarker of serious pulpal inflammation, and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the same area. After pulpotomy, the remaining pulp tissue showed tertiary dentine formation without pulp necrosis and absence of inflammatory markers and MMP9, suggesting successful removal of critical pulpal inflammation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests the potential of MRI as a novel non\u2010invasive and quantitative diagnostic method for critical pulpal inflammation zones. Moreover, MMP9 was identified as a reliable biomarker of critical pulpal inflammation. Future studies will focus on validating the potential biomarker role of MMP9 and analysing low MR signal areas for other novel biomarkers of critical pulpal inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.70151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T04:55:55Z","timestamp":1774846555000},"page":"1664-1679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Establishment of an\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Based Diagnostic Approach to Identify Critical Pulpal Inflammation Zones in a Rat Caries\u2010Derived Pulpitis Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1403-1015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiichi","family":"Moriyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry The 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