{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:06:10Z","timestamp":1789171570868,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate and compare the geometric characteristics, metallurgical properties, mechanical performance, and biomechanical behaviour of a reduced\u2010taper reciprocating instrument with six commercially available systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 441 new nickel\u2010titanium (NiTi) instruments from seven reciprocating systems (Excalibur 25\/.05, Flash 25\/.06vt, One RECI N25, Reciproc R25, Reciproc Blue R25, Reciproc Minima M25, and WaveOne Gold Primary) were analysed. Geometric design was assessed through photographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and high\u2010resolution three\u2010dimensional optical scanning to obtain dimensional measurements along the active blade. Metallurgical characteristics were investigated using energy\u2010dispersive X\u2010ray spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Mechanical performance was evaluated through cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance, bending resistance, buckling resistance, cutting efficiency, and microhardness tests (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910 per parameter). In addition, finite element analysis was conducted using a micro\u2010CT\u2010derived mandibular premolar model to assess maximum principal stress distribution and deformation following simulated canal preparations produced by each instrument. Data distribution was analysed using the Shapiro\u2013Wilk test, and intergroup comparisons were performed with the Kruskal\u2010Wallis test (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All instruments presented nearly equiatomic NiTi composition and distinct phase transformation temperatures. Reciproc Minima M25 showed smaller blade volume and surface area compared with the other systems. Significant differences were detected among instruments for all mechanical parameters (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Reciproc Minima M25 demonstrated the longest time to fracture during cyclic fatigue testing and the highest angular rotation before fracture, as well as the lowest bending load, indicating greater flexibility. Reciproc R25 exhibited the highest torsional and buckling resistance. Flash 25\/.06vt showed the lowest cyclic fatigue resistance, whereas One RECI N25 presented the highest cutting efficiency. Finite element analysis revealed similar stress patterns across models; however, larger preparation volumes tended to generate higher dentinal stresses, whereas conservative preparations were associated with lower stress concentrations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reduced\u2010taper Reciproc Minima M25 exhibited high cyclic fatigue resistance and flexibility while maintaining a high torsional performance comparable to other instruments. Its reduced taper and smaller blade volume were associated with slightly lower stress values in the surrounding dentine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.70184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T14:39:57Z","timestamp":1779460797000},"page":"2238-2254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanical Performance and Biomechanical Implications of a Reduced\u2010Taper Reciprocating Instrument Compared With 6 Reciprocating Systems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0001-7398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6932-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge N. R.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB) Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Baseada na Evid\u00eancia (CEMDBE)\u2014Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys\u2010FCT UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui F.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa  Caparica Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado de Sistemas Inteligentes, LASI  Guimar\u00e3es Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Rito Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM) Egas Moniz School of Health and Science  Almada Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9710-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB) Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duarte","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB) Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Baseada na Evid\u00eancia (CEMDBE)\u2014Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys\u2010FCT UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54499\/UIDB\/04559\/2020), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Manuel","family":"Braz Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT\/I3N, 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