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However, the molecular mechanisms, particularly the mechanobiological cues that guide odontoblast polarization, remain unrecognized, hindering the advancement of regenerative endodontics. To address this, we implemented a\n                      <jats:italic>Wet\u2010and\u2010Dry<\/jats:italic>\n                      platform that integrates photolithographic micropatterning and mathematical modelling, aiming to characterize the mechanobiological features underlying odontoblast polarization at the single cell level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A combined\n                      <jats:italic>wet\u2010and\u2010dry<\/jats:italic>\n                      platform was designed. In the\n                      <jats:italic>wet<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments, PEGDA\u2010based photolithography created adhesive micropatterns with defined areas and aspect ratios, onto which human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were seeded. Cell morphology, polarity metrics, odontogenic marker expression and mechano\u2010inductive protein levels were quantified by immunofluorescence and image analysis. Mechanisms were probed by disrupting the cytoskeleton, inhibiting Rho\u2010ROCK signalling and blocking YAP1 activity. Using an ex\u00a0vivo mouse tooth germ model, the role of RhoA\/ROCK in odontoblast polarization was confirmed under inhibitor treatment. In the\n                      <jats:italic>dry<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments, a vertex\u2010based computational model simulated single hDPSCs adhesion and spreading on the micropatterns, and predicted the spatiotemporal force distribution during polarization, including deformation energy, adhesion strength and traction forces. The simulation outputs were validated against experimental measurements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Micropatterned substrates mimicking odontoblast\u2010like cell shapes provide an ideal platform for single\u2010cell mechanobiology. Patterns with 2700\u2009\u03bcm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      area and 1:4 aspect ratio most strongly promoted hDPSCs polarization and odontogenic differentiation. Polarized cells exhibited increased myosin II and increased nuclear YAP1. A vertex\u2010based model predicted that high aspect ratio increases traction and adhesion forces. Loss\u2010of\u2010function experiments confirmed that Rho\u2010dependent cytoskeletal remodelling and increased tension are required for geometry\u2010driven polarization and differentiation. Ex\u00a0vivo tooth germ culture showed that inhibiting RhoA\/ROCK disrupts odontoblast polarization and tissue organization, underscoring the importance of this signalling axis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      By integrating micropatterned substrates with\n                      <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      modelling and ex\u00a0vivo tissue validation, we demonstrate that microenvironmental geometry directs hDPSCs' polarization and odontogenic differentiation via a Vinculin\u2013RhoA\u2013YAP signalling axis, which clarifies a core mechanobiological mechanism underlying odontoblast polarization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:40:11Z","timestamp":1780396811000},"page":"2103-2121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Wet\u2010and\u2010Dry Research Model: Unveiling Biomechanics in Odontoblast Polarization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Huen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniofacial Diseases &amp; 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