{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:12:35Z","timestamp":1791216755351,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]],"date-time":"2014-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Experimental Path"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glucocorticoids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>s) induce insulin resistance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>), a condition known to alter oral homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of long\u2010term dexamethasone administration on morphofunctional aspects of salivary glands. Male Wistar rats received daily injections of dexamethasone [0.1\u00a0mg\/kg body weight (b.w.), intraperitoneally] for 10\u00a0days (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content>), whereas control rats received saline. Subsequently, glycaemia, insulinaemia, insulin secretion and salivary flow were analysed. The parotid and submandibular glands were collected for histomorphometric evaluation and Western blot experiments. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> rats were found to be normoglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic, insulin resistant and glucose intolerant (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> rat islets secreted more insulin in response to glucose (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). DEX rats had significant reductions in the masses of the parotid (29%) and submandibular (16%) glands (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) that was associated with reduced salivary flux rate. The hypotrophy in both glands observed in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> group was associated with marked reduction in the volume of the acinar cells in these glands of 50% and 26% respectively (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). The total number of acinar cells was increased in the submandibular glands of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> rats (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) but not in the parotid glands. The levels of proteins related to insulin and survival signalling in both glands did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, the long\u2010term administration of dexamethasone caused <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>, which was associated with significant reductions in both mass and flux rate of the salivary glands. The parotid and submandibular glands exhibited reduced acinar cell volume; however, the submandibular glands displayed acinar hyperplasia, indicating a gland\u2010specific response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>s. Our data emphasize that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based therapies and insulin\u2010resistant states have a negative impact on salivary gland homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]],"date-time":"2014-09-10T10:11:32Z","timestamp":1410343892000},"page":"351-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long\u2010term dexamethasone treatment alters the histomorphology of acinar cells in rat parotid and submandibular glands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Bruna B.","family":"Bighetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo \u2010 USP Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerson F. d.","family":"Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo \u2010 USP Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo C.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education School of Sciences S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u2010 UNESP Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia M.","family":"Violato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education School of Sciences S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u2010 UNESP Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania M.","family":"Cestari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo \u2010 USP Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumio","family":"Taga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo \u2010 USP Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 R.","family":"Bosqueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education School of Sciences S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u2010 UNESP Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Rafacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education School of Sciences S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u2010 UNESP Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Morphometry","author":"Ahern W.A.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.55.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.03.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01571.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2008.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2004.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1894-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/112.1.175","article-title":"Effect of a liquid diet on the protein composition of rat parotid saliva","volume":"112","author":"Johnson D.A.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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