{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:17:33Z","timestamp":1790324253855,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]],"date-time":"2014-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Experimental Path"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the natural transmission of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> parasites, the infected sand fly female regurgitates promastigotes into the host's skin together with its saliva. It has been reported that vector saliva contains immunomodulatory molecules that facilitate the establishment of infection. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the specificity of <jats:italic>Lutzomyia<\/jats:italic> (Lu.) <jats:italic>flaviscutellata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lu.\u00a0(Psychodopygus) complexus<\/jats:italic> salivas on the infectivity of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (L.) (<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>amazonensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0(<jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>, respectively. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/c mice were inoculated into the skin of hind footpad with <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>(L<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>) amazonensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>(V<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>) braziliensis<\/jats:italic> promastigotes in the absence or presence of <jats:italic>Lu.\u00a0flaviscutellata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lu.\u00a0(P.) complexus<\/jats:italic> salivary gland homogenates (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGH<\/jats:styled-content>s). The evolution of the infection was evaluated by lesion size, histopathological analysis and determination of the parasite load in the skin biopsies collected from the site of infection at 4 and 8\u00a0weeks <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>. The lesion size and the parasite load of both groups of mice infected in the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGH<\/jats:styled-content>s were smaller than the control groups. The histopathological features showed that the inflammatory reaction was less prominent in the groups of mice infected in the presence of both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGH<\/jats:styled-content>s when compared to the control group. The results showed that the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGH<\/jats:styled-content>s of <jats:italic>Lu.\u00a0flaviscutellata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lu.\u00a0(P.) complexus<\/jats:italic> led to induction of processes that were disadvantageous to parasite establishment during infection by <jats:italic>L.\u00a0(L.) amazonensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L.\u00a0(V.) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>. An inhibitory effect on <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection could be observed in both groups inoculated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGH<\/jats:styled-content>s, especially when the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGH<\/jats:styled-content> from <jats:italic>Lu.\u00a0(P.) complexus<\/jats:italic> was used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,8]],"date-time":"2014-12-08T23:46:46Z","timestamp":1418082406000},"page":"418-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Salivary gland homogenates from wild\u2010caught sand flies <i>Lutzomyia flaviscutellata<\/i> and <i>Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) complexus<\/i> showed inhibitory effects on <i>Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis<\/i> and <i>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis<\/i> infection in <scp>BALB<\/scp>\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Fernanda C.","family":"Francesquini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases LIM\u201050 Medical School University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo State Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando T.","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Leishmaniasis \u2018Prof. Dr. Ralph Lainson\u2019  Evandro Chagas Institute Ministry of Health Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 State Brazil"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine Nucleus Federal University of Par\u00e1 Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 State Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Felipe D.","family":"Passero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases LIM\u201050 Medical School University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo State Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaise Y.","family":"Tomokane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases LIM\u201050 Medical School University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo State Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Kely","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases LIM\u201050 Medical School University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo State Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Eduardo P.","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases LIM\u201050 Medical School University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo State Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia D.","family":"Laurenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases LIM\u201050 Medical School University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo State Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.01964.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.10.1941"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2012.01370.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(94)90173-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.5827-5834.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.2.827-829.1998","article-title":"Analysis of the immune responses of mice to infection with Leishmania braziliensis","volume":"66","author":"DeKrey G.K.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. 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