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While both of these pathogens are <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HHS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDC<\/jats:styled-content> Tier 1 agents, natural infection with both these pathogens is primarily through skin inoculation. The common marmoset (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>allithrix jacchus<\/jats:italic>) was used to compare disease following experimental subcutaneous challenge. Acute, lethal disease was observed in marmosets following challenge with between 26 and 1.2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\u00a0cfu <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> within 22\u201385\u00a0h. The reproducibility and progression of the disease were assessed following a challenge of 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0cfu of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>. Melioidosis was characterised by high levels of bacteraemia, focal microgranuloma progressing to non\u2010necrotic multifocal solid lesions in the livers and spleens and multi\u2010organ failure. Lethal disease was observed in 93% of animals challenged with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>urkholderia mallei,<\/jats:italic> occurring between 5 and 10.6\u00a0days. Following challenge with 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0cfu of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0mallei<\/jats:italic>, glanders was characterised with lymphatic spread of the bacteria and non\u2010necrotic, multifocal solid lesions progressing to a multifocal lesion with severe necrosis and pneumonia. The experimental results confirmed that the disease pathology and presentation is strikingly different between the two pathogens. The marmoset provides a model of the human syndrome for both diseases facilitating the development of medical countermeasures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T00:11:46Z","timestamp":1418083906000},"page":"378-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comparative experimental subcutaneous glanders and melioidosis in the common marmoset (<i><scp>C<\/scp>allithrix jacchus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) Salisbury Wiltshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Salguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge Addlestone Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) Salisbury Wiltshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Ngugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) Salisbury Wiltshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie J.","family":"Smither","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) Salisbury Wiltshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) Salisbury Wiltshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Lever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) Salisbury Wiltshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00674-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02876-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2011.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.2.383-416.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00060-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"590","volume-title":"Oxford Textbook of Medicine","author":"Dance D.A.B.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.4.570"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"544","volume-title":"Burrow's Textbook of Microbiology","author":"Freeman B.A.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.36-4-276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.37-6-626"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/590931"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62989-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.1.584-587.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-12-1055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"The principles of the therapy of glanders in monkeys","volume":"1","author":"Khomiakov I.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zh. 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