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Male adult Wistar rats were treated with high\u2010fat diet to induce obesity, while the control group received a balanced diet. After 30\u00a0weeks of feeding, the ventral prostate was analysed by immunohistochemistry for cell proliferation, smooth muscle \u03b1\u2010actin, vimentin, chondroitin sulphate and metalloproteinases (MMP\u20102 and 9). The content of androgen receptor (AR), oestrogen receptors (ERs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by Western blotting, and activity of catalase and Glutathione\u2010S\u2010Transferase (GST) were quantified by enzymatic assay. Long\u2010term obesity decreased testosterone plasma levels by 70% and resulted in stromal prostate hyperplasia, as evidenced by increased collagen fibres. Such stromal hyperplasia was associated with increased number of blood vessels and raised VEGF content, and increased expression of chondroitin sulphate, vimentin, \u03b1\u2010actin and MMP\u20109. In spite of the high cell density in prostate, the proliferative activity was lower in the prostates of obese rats, indicating that hyperplasia was established during the early phases in this obesity model. AR levels increased significantly, whereas the ER\u03b1 decreased in this group. Moreover, the levels of catalase and GST were changed considerably. These findings indicate that long\u2010term obesity, besides disturbing the antioxidant control, causes intense stromal remodelling and release of factors that create an environment that can promote proliferative disorders in the gland, culminating with diffuse hyperplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,22]],"date-time":"2014-12-22T04:31:03Z","timestamp":1419222663000},"page":"21-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Prostate hyperplasia caused by long\u2010term obesity is characterized by high deposition of extracellular matrix and increased content of <scp>MMP<\/scp>\u20109 and <scp>VEGF<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Silas Am\u00e2ncio","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology Sector Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia\u2010 UFU 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