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The identification of suitable biomarkers could be helpful for patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOC<\/jats:styled-content>, who might benefit from targeted therapies even in advanced stages of the disease. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TROP<\/jats:styled-content>2) is highly expressed in various human malignant tumours; however, this has not been demonstrated clearly in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOC<\/jats:styled-content>. In this study, we further evaluated whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TROP<\/jats:styled-content>2 is a promising marker for EOC, and thus also a potential target for EOC immunotherapy. Quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fluorescence\u2010activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis were employed to determine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TROP<\/jats:styled-content>2 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein expression in both human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOC<\/jats:styled-content> and normal ovarian cell lines. Additionally, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TROP<\/jats:styled-content>2 protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in 128 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOC<\/jats:styled-content> tissue samples, 21 normal ovarian tissues and 18 normal fallopian\u00a0tubes. The correlations between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TROP<\/jats:styled-content>2 protein expression and patients' clinicopathological features were investigated, and survival outcomes were analysed. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TROP<\/jats:styled-content>2 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein levels were upregulated significantly in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOC<\/jats:styled-content> cell lines compared with normal cell lines. The protein of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TROP<\/jats:styled-content>2 was expressed in the majority of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOC<\/jats:styled-content> tissue samples (90.6%) and overexpressed in 75 (58.6%) of the 128 tumour samples. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TROP<\/jats:styled-content>2 overexpression was correlated with relevant clinicopathological characteristics and was associated with significantly shortened overall survival and disease\u2010free survival. Furthermore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TROP<\/jats:styled-content>2 was an independent prognostic marker for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOC<\/jats:styled-content>s as analysed by Cox regression. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TROP<\/jats:styled-content>2 was a potential biomarker for targeted therapy in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TROP<\/jats:styled-content>2\u2010overexpressing EOC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,30]],"date-time":"2016-04-30T16:37:07Z","timestamp":1462034227000},"page":"150-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Overexpression of trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 as an independent marker for a poor prognosis and as a potential therapeutic target in epithelial ovarian 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