{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T04:57:56Z","timestamp":1775710676836,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRVOUK","award":["P37\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P37\/02"]}]},{"name":"PROGRES","award":["Q40\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q40\/02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Experimental Path"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phenylbutyrate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content>) acts as chemical chaperone and histone deacetylase inhibitor, which is used to decrease ammonia in urea cycle disorders and has been investigated for use in the treatment of a number of lethal illnesses. We performed <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments to examine the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> on glutamine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLN<\/jats:styled-content>), branched\u2010chain amino acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCAA<\/jats:styled-content>; valine, leucine and isoleucine) and protein metabolism in rats. In the first study, animals were sacrificed one hour after three injections of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> (300mg\/kg b.w.) or saline. In the second study, soleus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOL<\/jats:styled-content>, slow twitch) and extensor digitorum longus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDL<\/jats:styled-content>, fast twitch) muscles were incubated in a medium with or without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> (5\u00a0mM). L\u2010[1\u2010<jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C] leucine was used to estimate protein synthesis and leucine oxidation, and 3\u2010methylhistidine release was used to evaluate myofibrillar protein breakdown. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> treatment decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLN<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> BCAA<\/jats:styled-content> and branched\u2010chain keto acids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCKA<\/jats:styled-content>s) in blood plasma, decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCAA<\/jats:styled-content> and increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLN<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations in muscles, and increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLN<\/jats:styled-content> synthetase activities in muscles. Addition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> to incubation medium increased leucine oxidation (55% in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDL<\/jats:styled-content>, 29% in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOL<\/jats:styled-content>), decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCKA<\/jats:styled-content> and increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLN<\/jats:styled-content> in medium of both muscles, increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLN<\/jats:styled-content> in muscles, decreased protein synthesis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOL<\/jats:styled-content> and increased proteolysis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDL<\/jats:styled-content>. It is concluded that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> decreases <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCAA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> BCKA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLN<\/jats:styled-content> in blood plasma, activates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCAA<\/jats:styled-content> catabolism and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLN<\/jats:styled-content> synthesis in muscle and exerts adverse effects on protein metabolism. The results indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCAA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLN<\/jats:styled-content> supplementation is needed when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> is used therapeutically and that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PB<\/jats:styled-content> may be a useful prospective agent which could be effective in management of maple syrup urine disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T06:26:44Z","timestamp":1497594404000},"page":"127-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Acute effects of phenylbutyrate on glutamine, branched\u2010chain amino acid and protein metabolism in skeletal muscles of rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0385-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Holecek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melita","family":"Vodenicarovova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Siman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.6.693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-999-0024-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Phenylbutyrate induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer and is more potent than phenylacetate","volume":"2","author":"Carducci M.A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. 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