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Peripheral nerve injuries and infections stimulate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content>s in order to retrieve homeostasis in neural tissues. Previous studies indicate that <jats:italic>Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ML<\/jats:styled-content>) regulates the expression of key factors related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> identity, suggesting that alterations in cell phenotype may be involved in the pathogenesis of neural damage in leprosy. To better understand whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ML<\/jats:styled-content> restricts the plasticity of peripheral nerves, the present study sought to determine the expression of Krox\u201020, Sox\u201010, c\u2010Jun and p75<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTR<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> culture and mice sciatic nerves, both infected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ML<\/jats:styled-content> Thai\u201053 strain. Primary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> cultures were stimulated with two different multiplicities of infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOI<\/jats:styled-content> 100:1; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOI<\/jats:styled-content> 50:1) and assessed after 7 and 14\u00a0days. Sciatic nerves of nude mice (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NU<\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>\u2010Foxn1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>nu<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>) infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ML<\/jats:styled-content> were evaluated after 6 and 9\u00a0months. In vitro results demonstrate downregulation of Krox\u201020 and Sox\u201010 along with the increase in p75<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010immunolabelled cells. Concurrently, sciatic nerves of infected mice showed a significant decrease in Krox\u201020 and increase in p75<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTR<\/jats:styled-content>. Our results corroborate previous findings on the interference of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ML<\/jats:styled-content> in the expression of factors involved in cell maturation, favouring the maintenance of a non\u2010myelinating phenotype in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content>s, with possible implications for the repair of adult peripheral nerves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T04:39:04Z","timestamp":1557895144000},"page":"83-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Myelination key factor krox\u201020 is downregulated in Schwann cells and murine sciatic nerves infected by <i>Mycobacterium leprae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Mariane Bertolucci","family":"Casalenovo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine of 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