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We assessed testicular alterations in rats submitted to surgical cryptorchidism and examined their potential for reversibility at different time points in order to verify time dependency effect(s) on the recovery of the undescended testes. Cryptorchidism was induced in 3\u2010week\u2010old rats. Animals were euthanized 3, 6 or 11\u00a0weeks after surgery to evaluate the morphological progression of cryptorchidism\u2010induced germinative epithelial alterations. Other groups underwent orchiopexy 3, 5 or 9\u00a0weeks after surgical cryptorchidism, before or after puberty. Animals were euthanized 3 or 8\u00a0weeks after orchiopexy. Controls underwent sham surgery at the same time points as the surgical groups. Cryptorchid testes showed decreased weight, germinative epithelial degeneration, apoptosis and vacuolation, corresponding to impairment of spermatogenesis and of Sertoli cells. Some tubules has a Sertoli cell\u2010only pattern and atrophy. The intensity of damage was related to the duration of cryptorchidism. After orchiopexy, spermatogenesis completely recovered only when testicular relocation occurred before puberty and the interval for recovery was extended. These results indicate that age, sexual maturity and extension of germ cell damage were relevant for producing germ cell restoration and normal spermatogenesis. We provide original observations on the time dependency of testicular alterations induced by cryptorchidism and their restoration using morphologic, morphometric and immunohistochemical approaches. It may be useful to study germ cell impairment, progression and recovery in different experimental settings, including exposure to exogenous chemicals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T17:52:12Z","timestamp":1611769932000},"page":"57-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Time response of rat testicular alterations induced by cryptorchidism and orchiopexy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6689-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana P.","family":"Ferragut Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Humans Health (TOXICAM) Department of Pathology Botucatu Medical School S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) Botucatu Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edgia M. 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Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA"},{"name":"Havlik\u2010Wall Professor of Oncology Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA\u2018Sertoli cells"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Lauro V.","family":"de Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Humans Health (TOXICAM) Department of Pathology Botucatu Medical School S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) Botucatu Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merielen G.","family":"Nascimento e Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Evaluation of 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