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Low\u2010protein diets can cause severe functional complications, mainly during the development and maturation of organs and systems, including the female reproductive system. The present study investigated the effect of nutritional protein restriction during puberty on the oestrous cycle and expression of sex steroid receptors (AR, ER\u03b1 e ER\u03b2) in ovarian and uterine tissues of adult rats. Protein restriction promoted lower body weight gain, feed efficiency and higher caloric intake. There was an increase in the oestrus phase arrest without changing the total length of the oestrous cycle. The consumption of low\u2010protein diet also reduced the thickness of the uterine endometrium (uterine epithelium and endometrial stroma) in addition to increasing the number of primary and atretic follicles in the ovaries. Furthermore, the low\u2010protein diet reduced the levels of androgen receptor (AR) and increased the oestrogen receptor \u03b2 (ER\u03b2) in the ovary, while no significant changes were observed in the uterus. Our study reinforces the importance of adequate protein intake during puberty, since physiological changes in this developmental period interfere with the histomorphometry of the ovaries and uteri, possibly resulting in impaired folliculogenesis and fertility in the reproductive period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T14:33:21Z","timestamp":1615991601000},"page":"93-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Protein restriction during puberty alters nutritional parameters and affects ovarian and uterine histomorphometry in adulthood in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Diego Augusto","family":"de Morais Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biosciences UNESP \u2010 S\u00e3o Paulo State University Botucatu, 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