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Long\u2010term exposure to PM may increase the risk of cardiovascular events and reduce life expectancy. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease, autoimmune in nature, that is characterized by the production of autoantibodies that affects several organs, including the heart. Air pollution \u2010 which can be caused\u00a0by several different factors \u2010 may be one of the most important points both at the onset and the natural history of SLE. Therefore this study aims to investigate whether exposure to air pollution promotes increased inflammation and cardiac remodelling in animals predisposed to SLE. Female NZBWF1 mice were exposed to an environmental particle concentrator. Aspects related to cardiac remodelling, inflammation and apoptosis were analysed in the myocardium. Body weight gain, cardiac trophism by heart\/body weight ratio, relative area of cardiomyocytes and the fibrotic area of cardiac tissue were evaluated during the exposure period. Animals exposed to PM2.5 showed increased area of cardiomyocytes, and area of fibrosis; in addition, we observed an increase in IL\u20101 and C3 in the\u00a0cardiac tissue, demonstrating increased inflammation. We suggest that air pollution is capable of promoting cardiac remodelling and increased inflammation in animals predisposed to SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T04:25:08Z","timestamp":1678854308000},"page":"177-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of chronic exposure to fine particulate matter on cardiac tissue of <scp>NZBWF1<\/scp> mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7834-321X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dunia","family":"Waked","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Clara B.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thamires Moraes","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor Yuji","family":"Yariwake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia Costa Lima","family":"Farhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute of Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, School of Medicine University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana Matera","family":"Veras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"WORLD.HEALTH ORGANIZATION (OMS). 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