{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:15:01Z","timestamp":1747185301939,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Experimental Path"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histomorphometric lung density measurements were used to evaluate the effects of Immulina on mouse pneumonia. Mice were intra\u2010nasally exposed to H1N1 influenza virus at a dose of 5\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> PFU\/50\u2009\u03bcL\/mouse. Lung density was measured using the NIH ImageJ software program. Density values were compared to semiquantitative pneumonia severity scores. Lung photomicrographs were evaluated at 25\u2010\u00d7, 40\u2010\u00d7 and 400\u2010\u00d7 magnification. The study included viral inoculated controls (IC) and non\u2010inoculated controls (NC) and mice either treated or not treated with Immulina. Three doses of Immulina were included (25, 50 or 100\u2009mg\/kg) and administered using 3 protocols: prophylactic treatment (P), prodromal treatment (PD) and therapeutic treatment (TH) (note that in most of the evaluations of the data for the three treatment protocols were combined). Groups of mice were evaluated on days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 following exposure. The occurrence of \u201cdigital pneumonia\u201d (DP) was defined as a density measurement above the 95% confidence limit of the corresponding NC values. A significant reduction in the occurrence of DP with Immulina treatment at the higher doses compared to IC was seen as early as day 3 and persisted up to day 15. There were also statistically significant dose\u2010variable reductions in lung density in response to Immulina. The study suggests early administration of Immulina (P or PD protocols) may enhance resistance against influenza\u2010induced viral pneumonia. A moderate correlation between pneumonia severity scores and lung density was observed for the 25\u2010\u00d7 and 40\u2010\u00d7 images (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.56 and 0.53 respectively), and a strong correlation (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.68) for 400\u2010\u00d7 images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T07:48:19Z","timestamp":1695714499000},"page":"283-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Histomorphometric lung density evaluation of Immulina treatment using a murine influenza pneumonia model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8542-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floyd D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mississippi Veterinary Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Mississippi State University  Pearl Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahir M.","family":"Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Mississippi  University Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad K.","family":"Ashfaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Mississippi  University Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Mississippi  University Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirmal D.","family":"Pugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Mississippi  University Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikhlas A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Mississippi  University Mississippi USA"},{"name":"Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi  University Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lanny W.","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mississippi Veterinary Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Mississippi State University  Pearl Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic J.","family":"Hoerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Pathology  Fort Valley Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"reference":[{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists and of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology 2011 \u2013 Nashville, Tennessee, USA. (Abstract)","author":"Wilson FD","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Histomorphometric density measurement of bone marrow cellularity in broiler chickens","volume":"13","author":"Wilson FD","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cytol Histol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"671","article-title":"Evaluation of a morphometric density approach for quantitation of pneumonia severity using a murine influenza model","volume":"14","author":"Wilson FD","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cytol Histol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2007.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1250043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19590-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Potential health benefits of spirulina microalgae","volume":"9","author":"Capelli B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forum Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.111089"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Experimental Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iep.12493","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T09:16:42Z","timestamp":1700126202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iep.12493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iep.12493"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iep.12493","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-9673","1365-2613"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0959-9673"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2613"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}