{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:27:22Z","timestamp":1783340842073,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]],"date-time":"2021-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The differential diagnosis of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) is still a major clinical challenge despite the advances in diagnostic procedures. In this multicentre study, we aimed to reveal FUO aetiology and factors influencing the final diagnosis of FUO in Turkey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 214 patients with FUO between the years 2015 and 2019 from 13 tertiary training and research hospitals were retrospectively evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The etiologic distribution of FUO was infections (44.9%), malignancies (15.42%), autoimmune\/inflammatory (11.68%) diseases, miscellaneous diseases (8.41%) and undiagnosed cases (19.62%). Brucellosis (10.25%), extrapulmonary tuberculosis (6.54%) and infective endocarditis (6.54%) were the most frequent three infective causes. Solid malignancies (7.1%) and lymphoma (5.6%), adult\u2010onset still's disease (6.07%) and thyroiditis (5.14%) were other frequent diseases. The aetiological spectrum did not differ in elderly people (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). Infections were less frequent in Western (34.62%) compared with Eastern regions of Turkey (60.71%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001, OR: 0.31, 95% Cl: 0.19 to 0.60). The ratio of undiagnosed aetiology was significantly higher in elderly people (p: 0.046, OR: 2.34, 95% Cl: 1.00 to 5.48) and significantly lower in Western Turkey (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>: .004, OR: 3.07, 95% Cl: 1.39 to 6.71).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brucellosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis and infective endocarditis remain to be the most frequent infective causes of FUO in Turkey. Solid tumours and lymphomas, AOSD and thyroiditis are the other common diseases. The aetiological spectrum did not differ in elderly people, on the other hand, infections were more common in Eastern Turkey. A considerable amount of aetiology remained undiagnosed despite the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art technology in healthcare services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T16:53:28Z","timestamp":1615222408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Fever of unknown origin (FUO) on a land on cross\u2010roads between Asia and Europa; a multicentre study from Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1145-8856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ercan","family":"Yenilmez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Uskudar Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Kakalicoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Uskudar Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Diyarbakir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mine","family":"Filiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Gulhane Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysegul","family":"Akkol Camurcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Haydarpasa Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Uskudar Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif Ozge","family":"Damar Midik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Kartal Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital University of Health Sciences Uskudar Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hande","family":"Berk Cam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Antalya Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Antalya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eren","family":"Arkali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Tepecik Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Konak Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seval","family":"Bilgic Atli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Diyarbakir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Sanliurfa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Yorulmaz Goktas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halil","family":"Erkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Konak Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Resat","family":"Ceylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Harran University Sanliurfa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Kacar Eker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Uskudar Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hava","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Adana City Hospital University of Health Sciences Adana Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehra","family":"Karacaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Gulhane Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ersin","family":"Tural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Uskudar Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130lyas","family":"Dokmetas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Uskudar Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levent","family":"Gorenek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Uskudar Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukran","family":"Kose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Tepecik Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Konak Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792\u2010196102000\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/ijmedph.2017.2.20"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Quantitative 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