{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:51:39Z","timestamp":1791550299249,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,23]],"date-time":"2013-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with delusional infestations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content>), previously named delusions of parasitosis, have a fixed, false belief that they are infested with living or non\u2010living pathogens. Patients have abnormal cutaneous symptoms such as itching, biting, or crawling sensations. They often demonstrate self\u2010destructive behavior in an effort to rid the pathogens from under their skin, leading to excoriations, ulcerations, and serious secondary infections. This review article aims to provide an overview of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content> including its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Strategies on how to establish a strong therapeutic alliance with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content> patients are discussed. In addition, antipsychotic medications used in the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content> are described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]],"date-time":"2013-06-24T01:08:43Z","timestamp":1372036123000},"page":"775-783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Delusional infestations: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Misha M.","family":"Heller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transitional Year Medicine Program Harbor\u2010UCLA Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Emory University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian W.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Miami Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Ladizinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Duke University Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hospital 9 de Octubre Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine L.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Private Practice San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy G.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Y. M.","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny E.","family":"Murase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group Mountain View CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200102050-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00018-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2007.02635.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Treating patients with delusions of parasitosis: a blueprint for clinicians","volume":"86","author":"Mostaghimi L","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2008.00163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029908"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.029660"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09841.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08081283"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11533150-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2009.07219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318185e774"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01738581"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Epidemiology of delusional ectoparasitic infestation","volume":"62","author":"Trabert W","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0909"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2010.03782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000284934"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000029063"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07424.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Delusions of parasitosis","volume":"12","author":"Lynch PJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00159.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Psychogenic parasitosis: a therapeutic challenge","volume":"104","author":"Edison KE","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2011.00208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2010.03810.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182358387"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","volume-title":"Clinical Management in Psychodermatology","author":"Harth W","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","volume-title":"Contemporary Diagnosis and Management in Psychodermatology","author":"Heller MM","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.10.1364-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200405050-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5070\/D39MW0R7W7","article-title":"Pimozide: use in dermatology","volume":"9","author":"Vloten WA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70239-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.11.721"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.106510"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The current management of delusional parasitosis and dermatitis artefacta","volume":"15","author":"Koblenzer CS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","first-page":"1531","article-title":"Aripiprazole as a viable alternative for treating delusions of parasitosis","volume":"9","author":"Ladizinski B","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fijd.12067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.12067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T01:43:24Z","timestamp":1697334204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijd.12067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,23]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijd.12067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.12067","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-06-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}